communication

For English:
Communication is a process that allows organisms to exchange information by several methods. Communication requires that all parties understand a common language that is exchanged with each other. There are auditory means, such as speaking,singing and sometimes tone of voice, and nonverbal, physical means, such as body language, sign language, paralanguage, touch, eye contact, or the use of writing.
Communication happens at many levels (even for one single action), in many different ways, and for most beings, as well as certain machines. Several, if not all, fields of study dedicate a portion of attention to communication, so when speaking about communication it is very important to be sure about what aspects of communication one is speaking about. Definitions of communication range widely, some recognizing that animals can communicate with each other as well as human beings, and some are more narrow, only including human beings within the parameters of human symbolic interaction.
Nonetheless, communication is usually described along a few major dimensions:
1. Content (what type of things are communicated)
2. Source (by whom)
3. Form (in which form)
4. Channel (through which medium)
5. Destination/Receiver (to whom)
6. Purpose/Pragmatic aspect (with what kind of results)
Between parties, communication includes acts that confer knowledge and experiences, give advice and commands, and ask questions. These acts may take many forms, in one of the various manners of communication. The form depends on the abilities of the group communicating. Together, communication content and form make messages that are sent towards a destination. The target can be oneself, another person or being , another entity (such as a corporation or group of beings).
Depending on the focus (who, what, in which form, to whom, to which effect), there exist various classifications. Some of those systematical questions are elaborated in Communication theory.
中文:
溝通是人們之間最常見的活動之一，是指人們之間進行信息及思想的傳播。溝通常常牽涉了幾個方面，信息發送者，信息接收者，信息內容，表示信息的方式，傳達的渠道。
溝通的過程主要是信息發送者把思想內的信息內容以可交換或共同認可的表示方式編碼，以某個渠道來傳遞。信息接收者獲得信息後，便進行解碼，轉換成內在的信息。信息傳遞過程有三大法則：

語法學－符號特性
實用性－符號間的關係及符號與信息接收者的關係
語義學－符號及所指事物的關係
因此有效及良好的溝通應該是雙向溝通。一方面，要用對方明白的語言，盡量清晰、簡潔、明了地表達自己的觀點，另一方面要善於傾聽和理解別人的觀點。來自不同文化背景的人對同樣事物可能有不同的理解。高明的溝通大師常常都非常善於讓別人表達出自己的觀點，也善於理解別人的觀點。
在現代社會，一個人或者一個機構面向某個群體進行溝通的學問非常有價值，這就是通過大眾傳播進行公共關係活動。
溝通的內容包含語言訊息與非語言訊息，一個良好的溝通者會同時注意兩種訊息。非語言訊息通常都比語言訊息來得真實。