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Vincent Willem van Gogh (30 March 1853 – 29 July 1890) was a Dutch Post-Impressionist artist.[1] His paintings and drawings include some of the world's best known, most popular and most expensive pieces.

Van Gogh spent his early life working for a firm of art dealers. After a brief spell as a teacher, he became a missionary worker in a very poor mining region. He did not embark upon a career as an artist until 1880. Initially, van Gogh worked only with sombre colours, until he encountered Impressionism and Neo-Impressionism in Paris. He incorporated their brighter colours and style of painting into a uniquely recognizable style, which was fully developed during the time he spent at Arles, France. He produced more than 2,000 works, including around 900 paintings and 1,100 drawings and sketches, during the last ten years of his life. Most of his best-known works were produced in the final two years of his life, during which time he cut off part of his left ear following a breakdown in his friendship with Paul Gauguin. After this he suffered recurrent bouts of mental illness, which led to his suicide.

The central figure in Van Gogh's life was his brother Theo, who continually and selflessly provided financial support. Their lifelong friendship is documented in numerous letters they exchanged from August 1872 onwards. Van Gogh is a pioneer of what came to be known as Expressionism. He had an enormous influence on 20th century art, especially on the Fauves and German Expressionists.

他的作品﹕
Arles (February 1888 – May 1889)

Still Life: Vase with Twelve Sunflowers, August 1888 (Neue Pinakothek, Munich).Van Gogh arrived on 21 February 1888, at the railroad station in Arles, crossed Place Lamartine, entered the city through the Porte de la Cavalerie, and took quarters a few steps further, at the Hôtel-Restaurant Carrel, 30 Rue Cavalerie. He had ideas of founding a Utopian art colony. His companion for two months was the Danish artist, Christian Mourier-Petersen. In March, he painted local landscapes, using a gridded "perspective frame." Three of his pictures were shown at the annual exhibition of the Société des Artistes Indépendants. In April he was visited by the American painter, Dodge MacKnight, who was resident in Fontvieille nearby.


The Café Terrace on the Place du Forum, Arles, at Night, September 1888.On 1 May he signed a lease for 15 francs a month to rent the four rooms in the right hand side of the "Yellow House" (so called because its outside walls were yellow) at No. 2 Place Lamartine. The house was unfurnished and had been uninhabited for some time so he was not able to move in straight away. He had been staying at the Hôtel Restaurant Carrel in the Rue de la Cavalerie, just inside the medieval gate to the city, with the old Roman Arena in view. The rate charged by the hotel was 5 francs a week, which Van Gogh regarded as excessive. He disputed the price, and took the case to the local arbitrator who awarded him a twelve franc reduction on his total bill.[58] On 7 May he moved out of the Hôtel Carrel, and moved into the Café de la Gare.[59] He became friends with the proprietors, Joseph and Marie Ginoux. Although the Yellow House had to be furnished before he could fully move in, Van Gogh was able to use it as a studio.[60] His major project at this time was a series of paintings intended to form the décoration for the Yellow House.

一八五三年三月三十日，文生‧梵谷生於荷蘭北部的一個村莊。父親為牧師，叔叔伯伯都是歐洲著名的畫商，幼年時期梵谷受過良好教育.
梵谷十六歲時開始他第一份工作─畫廊店員。這段期間，他接觸不少藝術和文學作品，埋下日後成為畫家的種子。也因藝術修養的提昇，梵谷逐漸對一些顧客的庸俗眼光不以為然，加上失戀的打擊，使他心情惡劣，常和顧客起爭執，最後終於被解雇，結束六年的畫商生涯。
其後他一度在倫敦郊區的教會學校任小學老師。學校的學生都來自貧民區，梵谷親睹了貧民區的貧窮，饑餓和病痛，乃決心獻身宗教，濟助貧苦的人們。
但是，在布魯塞爾的牧師養成所，梵谷卻因學習理念的不同跟老師起了衝突，以致結業時教學委員會不發合格證書給他。還好一位愛護他的牧師幫他爭取到去波瑞納治當臨時傳教士，六個月後委員會再視其成績決定是否發給正式證書。
波瑞納治是個窮困的礦區，老弱婦孺都要下坑採礦，薪資微薄，饑寒交迫，還得承受矽肺症、流行病、礦坑災變等噩運的重要折磨。在這種情況下，梵谷覺得自己飽暖安逸，道貌岸然地跟居民講道，是件虛偽、懦弱而無意義的事。於是他將所有的財物捨給村民，搬到破舊的木屋居住，和村民一起下礦坑，一起撿煤渣，幫他們向礦場老板爭取權益。
可憐的梵谷，他真是一無所有了。他發覺上帝並沒辦法拯救礦工於苦難，也遺棄了誠心誠意的他。從此他放棄宗教的追尋，投身藝術。
但，梵谷的繪畫道路也不平順。當他在海牙餓著肚子，努力學畫時，荷蘭極具份量的藝評家兼畫畫商戴士提格曾當面告訴他：「你不是塊畫家的料子，趁早改行還來得及。」
決志成為一個畫家以後，梵谷從未有過收入，生活都靠弟弟西奧接濟，只在過世前四個月，才以四百法郎賣出一幅畫，還是西奧幫他賣的。西奧長期地支助梵谷，照顧他、鼓勵他。兄弟之情，令人感動。若非西奧，梵谷可能早餓死了。
情感方面，梵谷也是挫折連連。
他的初戀情人，或者應該說他「單戀的對象」，是和別人訂過婚的「死會」。第二次，他竟愛上已婚的表姐凱依。在海牙時，凱依的丈夫死了，梵谷鼓足勇氣向她求愛，卻遭到強烈的拒絕。投注了全部的真情，竟發現別人並不愛她，這兩次失戀，對梵谷的打擊相當大。
忍受著淒涼孤寂的煎熬，梵谷在海牙努力作畫。其間，曾和妓女克莉汀同居了一年多。但他對克莉絲汀所懷的，毋寧說是同情而非愛情，最後兩人終因經濟因素而分手。
一八八三年，他離開海牙回到努能的老家。鄰居一位老處女瑪歌曾主動追求他，二人墜入情網，且打算結婚。不料瑪歌家人堅決反對，瑪歌甚至因此自殺，雖然幸而獲救，卻也挽回不了這份姻緣。

八六年至八八年間，梵谷在巴黎生活了一陣子，這段時期他接觸印象派繪畫及日本浮世繪，也認識不少畫家朋友。新的畫技及理論震憾了梵谷，他嘗試各種畫法，並逐漸脫離古典的荷蘭畫風。


為了尋找理想的作畫景象及環境，一八八八年二月梵谷遷至法國南部的阿羅。
阿羅的陽光炙熱耀眼，衝散了梵谷鬱結的心情，帶給他熱情與力量。他日夜不停地工作，白天在田野寫生，晚上也常徹夜作畫。當地人稱這位整天頂著烈日畫圖的怪人「紅頭瘋子」。
他邀畫家朋友高更前來同住，一起切蹉畫技，討論畫理。但是二人因藝術觀點不同而漸起爭執。
實際上，梵谷的精神狀態在此時期也正逐漸偏離正常。他變得焦躁、多疑、易激動，聽到聲音在耳邊訴說怪誕的故事，出現吃顏料、喝煤油等怪異行為。
最後終於發生拿刀欲刺高更及割耳朵事件，而被送入精神病院。

梵谷較成熟的作品都完成於阿羅期時以後，正是他疾病日趨嚴重之時。奔放的色彩、誇張的造形、火焰般的筆觸，充份表現出他沸騰高張的心理狀態及旺盛強烈的生命力。
繪畫史上，他被歸於後期印象派，對日後法國野獸派及德國的表現派影響頗大。
疾病、孤獨與絕望使梵谷日漸抑鬱，他的生命似乎已經在阿羅及聖瑞米的兩年間燃燒殆盡。一八九○年七月廿七日，梵谷在巴黎近郊奧維的農田中舉槍自殺。他沒有立即死亡，獨自走回寓所，第二天在西奧的照顧下過世，享年三十七歲。
死時,還是一文不名...........


另外英文版生平及作品詳細介紹可於於http://www3.vangoghmuseum.nl/vgm/index.jsp?page=98&lang=en&section=sectie_vincent找到

http://hk.geocities.com/mrchengac/Life.htm梵高生平