As for 電流問題....

Short circuit (短路) is the by-passing of any resistance in the circuit(or any electrical appliance). Under such situation, the overall resistance of the circuit (or appliance) is greatly reduced.
By Ohm's Law, current I = V/R, where V is the voltage applied to the circuit (or appliance) and R is the resistance of the circuit (or appliance). If R is greatly reduced because of short-circuit, then apparently I will be increased.
Notice that short-curcuit (短路) is entirely different from open-circuit(斷路).