關於乒乓球

Table tennis is a sport in which two or four players hit a lightweight ball back and forth to each other with rackets. The game takes place on a table divided by a net. Players must allow a ball played towards them only one bounce on their side of the table and must return it so that it bounces on the opponent's side. If the ball doesn't land on the opponent's side then it's a dead ball unless the other opponent hits the ball with their racket. Play is fast and demands quick reactions. A skilled player can impart spin to the ball, which makes its bounce and its reaction on the opponent's racket difficult to predict or return with confidence.


[edit] Equipment

[edit] The ball

40 mm, 44 mm, and 54 mm celluloid Table Tennis ballsThe international rules specify that the game is played with a light 2.7 gram, 40 mm (formerly 38 mm) diameter ball. The ball is required to have a coefficient of restitution of 0.94. The 40 mm ball was introduced at the 2003 World Table Tennis Championship. However, this created some controversy as the Chinese National Team argued that this was merely to give non-Chinese players a better chance of winning. A 40 mm table tennis ball is slower and spins less than a 38 mm one. The ball is made of a high-bouncing gas-filled celluloid ball, colored white or orange, with a matte finish. The choice of ball color is made according to the table color and its surroundings. For example, a white ball is easier to see on a green or blue table than it is on a grey table. A star on the ball indicates the quality of the ball. 3 stars is the highest indicating that it is of the highest quality.


[edit] The table

Diagram of a table tennis table showing the official dimensionsThe table is 2.74 m (9 ft) long, 1.525 m (5 feet) wide, and 76 cm (30 inches) high with a masonite or similarly manufactured timber, layered with a smooth, low-friction coating. The table or playing surface is divided into two halves by a 15.25 cm (6 inch) high net.[6]



[edit] Game play

[edit] Starting a game
In top-flight competition, service is decided by a coin toss. At lower levels it is common for one player (or the umpire/scorer) to hide the ball in one or the other hand (usually hidden under the table), allowing the other player to guess which hand the ball is in. The correct or incorrect guess gives the "winner" the option to choose to serve, or to choose which side of the table to use.






[edit] Scoring
Points are awarded to the opponent for any of several errors in play: [9]

Allowing the ball to bounce on one's own side twice
Double hitting the ball. Note that the hand below the wrist is considered part of the racket and making a good return off one's hand or fingers is allowed, but hitting one's hand or fingers and subsequently hitting the racket is a double strike and an error.
Allowing the ball to strike anything other than the racket (see above for definition of the racket)
Causing the ball not to bounce on the opponent's half (i.e., not making a "good" return)
Placing one's free hand on the playing surface or moving the playing surface
Offering and failing to make a good serve (i.e., making a service toss and failing to strike the ball fairly into play)
Making an illegal serve: (e.g., one preceded by a player's hiding the ball or his failing to toss the ball at least 16 centimeters (six inches) in the air).
Hitting the net with racket or any body part, or moving the table.



[edit] Series of games
After each game, players switch sides of the table and in the fifth or seventh, game "for the match", players switch sides when the first player scores 5 points, regardless of whose turn it is to serve. In competition play, matches are typically best of five or seven games.