我想問下牛頓既事牙!!!!

Sir Isaac Newton FRS (4 January 1643 – 31 March 1727) [ OS: 25 December 1642 – 20 March 1727] was an English physicist, mathematician, astronomer, natural philosopher, and alchemist. His treatise Philosophiae Naturalis Principia Mathematica, published in 1687, described universal gravitation and the three laws of motion, laying the groundwork for classical mechanics, which dominated the scientific view of the physical universe for the next three centuries and is the basis for modern engineering. He showed that the motion of objects on Earth and of celestial bodies are governed by the same set of natural laws by demonstrating the consistency between Kepler's laws of planetary motion and his theory of gravitation, thus removing the last doubts about heliocentrism and advancing the scientific revolution.







In mechanics, Newton enunciated the principles of conservation of momentum and angular momentum. In optics, he invented the reflecting telescope and developed a theory of colour based on the observation that a prism decomposes white light into a visible spectrum. He also formulated an empirical law of cooling and studied the speed of sound.







In mathematics, Newton shares the credit with Gottfried Leibniz for the development of the calculus. He also demonstrated the generalized binomial theorem, developed the so-called "Newton's method" for approximating the zeroes of a function, and contributed to the study of power series.








圖片參考：http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Isaac_Newton.jpeg/200px-Isaac_Newton.jpeg








Newton in a 1702 portrait by Godfrey Kneller.



Isaac Newton was born on January 4, 1643 [OS: December 25, 1642]at Woolsthorpe Manor in Woolsthorpe-by-Colsterworth, a hamlet in the county of Lincolnshire. At the time of Newton's birth, England had not adopted the latest papal calendar and therefore his date of birth was recorded as Christmas Day, December 25, 1642. Newton was born three months after his father, also called Isaac, died. Born prematurely, he was a small child; his mother Hannah Ayscough reportedly said that he could have fit inside a quart mug. When Newton was three, his mother remarried and went to live with her new husband, the Reverend Barnabus Smith, leaving her son in the care of his maternal grandmother, Margery Ayscough. The young Isaac disliked his step-father and held some enmity towards his mother for marrying him, as revealed by this entry in a list of sins committed up to the age of 19: Threatening my father and mother Smith to burn them and the house over them.







Newton is believed by some researchers to have suffered from Asperger's Syndrome, a form of autism. Indeed it is believed that like other historical geniuses Asperger's may have been the very cause of Newton's intellect.







艾薩克·牛頓爵士，FRS（Sir Isaac Newton，是一位英格蘭物理學家、數學家、天文學家、自然哲學家和煉金術士。他在1687年發表的論文《自然哲學的數學原理》里，對萬有引力和三大運動定律進行了描述。這些描述奠定了此後三個世紀里物理世界的科學觀點，並成為了現代工程學的基礎。他通過論證克卜勒行星運動定律與他的重力理論間的一致性，展示了地面物體與天體的運動都遵循著相同的自然定律；從而消除了對太陽中心說的最後一絲疑慮，並推動了科學革命。在力學上，牛頓闡明了動量和角動量守恆的原理。在光學上，他發明了反射式望遠鏡，並基於對三稜鏡將白光發散成可見光譜的觀察，發展出了顏色理論。他還系統地表述了冷卻定律，並研究了音速。在數學上，牛頓與戈特弗里德·萊布尼茨分享了發展出微積分學的榮譽。他也證明了廣義二項式定理，提出了「牛頓法」以趨近函數的零點，併為冪級數的研究作出了貢獻。







他發現了廣義二項式定理，並開始發展一套新的數學理論，也就是後來為世人所熟知的微積分學。在1665年，牛頓獲得了學位，而大學為了預防倫敦大瘟疫而關閉了。在此後兩年裡，牛頓在家中繼續研究微積分學、光學和萬有引力定律。

Sir Isaac Newton FRS (4 January 1643 – 31 March 1727) [ OS: 25 December 1642 – 20 March 1727][1] was an English physicist, mathematician, astronomer, natural philosopher, and alchemist. His treatise Philosophiae Naturalis Principia Mathematica, published in 1687, described universal gravitation and the three laws of motion, laying the groundwork for classical mechanics, which dominated the scientific view of the physical universe for the next three centuries and is the basis for modern engineering. He showed that the motion of objects on Earth and of celestial bodies are governed by the same set of natural laws by demonstrating the consistency between Kepler's laws of planetary motion and his theory of gravitation, thus removing the last doubts about heliocentrism and advancing the scientific revolution.

In mechanics, Newton enunciated the principles of conservation of momentum and angular momentum. In optics, he invented the reflecting telescope and developed a theory of colour based on the observation that a prism decomposes white light into a visible spectrum. He also formulated an empirical law of cooling and studied the speed of sound.

In mathematics, Newton shares the credit with Gottfried Leibniz for the development of the calculus. He also demonstrated the generalized binomial theorem, developed the so-called "Newton's method" for approximating the zeroes of a function, and contributed to the study of power series.

In a 2005 poll of the Royal Society of who had the greatest effect on the history of science, Newton was deemed more influential than Albert Einstein.

Sir Isaac Newton, FRS (4 January 1643 – 31 March 1727) [OS: 25 December 1642 – 20 March 1727][1] was an English physicist, mathematician, astronomer, alchemist, and natural philosopher who is generally regarded as one of the greatest scientists and mathematicians in history. Newton wrote the Philosophiae Naturalis Principia Mathematica, in which he described universal gravitation and the three laws of motion, laying the groundwork for classical mechanics. By deriving Kepler's laws of planetary motion from this system, he was the first to show that the motion of objects on Earth and of celestial bodies are governed by the same set of natural laws. The unifying and deterministic power of his laws was integral to the scientific revolution and the advancement of heliocentrism.

Although by the calendar in use at the time of his birth he was born on Christmas Day 1642, the date of 4 January 1643 is used because this is the "corrected"; Gregorian calendar date. Bringing it into line with our present calendar. (The Gregorian calendar was not adopted in England until 1752.)

Among other scientific discoveries, Newton realised that the spectrum of colours observed when white light passes through a prism is inherent in the white light and not added by the prism (as Roger Bacon had claimed in the thirteenth century), and notably argued that light is composed of particles. He also developed a law of cooling, describing the rate of cooling of objects when exposed to air. He enunciated the principles of conservation of momentum and angular momentum. Finally, he studied the speed of sound in air, and voiced a theory of the origin of stars. Despite this renown in mainstream science, Newton spent much of his time time working on alchemy rather than physics, writing considerably more papers on the former than the latter.[2]

Newton played a major role in the development of calculus, famously sharing credit with Gottfried Leibniz. He also made contributions to other areas of mathematics, for example the generalised binomial theorem. The mathematician and mathematical physicist Joseph Louis Lagrange (1736–1813), said that "Newton was the greatest genius that ever existed and the most fortunate, for we cannot find more than once a system of the world to establish."