關於Raphael-拉斐爾

義大利文藝復興盛期
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拉斐爾﹝Raphael﹞﹝1483 ~ 1520﹞



　　拉斐爾是畫家，也是建築師。當他年少的時候，是跟隨翁勃利亞﹝Umbria﹞派畫家佩魯吉諾﹝Perugino﹞學畫。在弗羅倫斯時期，他吸取十五世紀繪畫精神，並吸取了達文西的技法，而逐漸形成圓潤柔和的風格。他用世俗化的描寫方式處理宗教題材，並且參用生活中母親與幼兒的形象將聖母抱聖嬰的畫像加以理想化。他的作品特色是充分體現了安寧、和諧、協調、對稱及恬靜的秩序。

　　他在羅馬時期﹝1508 ~ 1520﹞的主要作品是梵蒂岡教皇宮中的四組壁畫：《聖禮的爭辯》﹝神學﹞、《雅典學派》﹝哲學﹞、《巴那斯山》﹝文學﹞、《法律》等，他選用歷史畫的方法處理這些帶有象徵性的主題，反映當時教會人士的要求。其代表作包括《西斯廷聖母》、《自畫像》、《教皇利奧十世像》等。此外，他還畫了不少建築設計圖稿。

Italian in full RAFFAELLO SANZIO (b. April 6, 1483, Urbino, Duchy of Urbino [Italy]--d. April 6, 1520, Rome, Papal States [Italy]), master painter and architect of the Italian High Renaissance. Raphael is best known for his Madonnas and for his large figure compositions in the Vatican in Rome. His work is admired for its clarity of form and ease of composition and for its visual achievement of the Neoplatonic ideal of human grandeur.

While we may term other works paintings, those of Raphael are living things; the flesh palpitates, the breath comes and goes, every organ lives, life pulsates everywhere.