過去完成式和過去完成進行式

過去完成式的形式:
用法：had + 過去分詞
以過去的某個時間為基點，來表示動作的完成、結果、經驗、持續之意。
‧表示過去某個時段動作的完成
She had already left the office when I phoned her.
(打電話的時候，她己離開辦公室了。)
‧過去某個時間內動作的結果衍生的狀態
I bought a watch, because I had lost the old one.
(我買了一只錶，因為舊那只掉了。)
‧表示過去的某個時間之前的經驗
I knew him well because I had met him many times.
(我知道他，因為我見過他很多次。)
‧表過去某段時間之前狀態的持續
Mary had lived in New York for five years when I met
her.
(當我遇見瑪莉時，她己紐約住了五年了。)



過去完成進行式亦即係Past Continuous

我們用過去進行式說明某人在過去某時間正在做的動作 , 此一動作或情況在過去某時間之前已經開始 , 至該時間仍未結束
This time last year I was living in Italian.
At 7 o’clock yesterday evening I was having dinner.
I waved to her but she was not looking.

我們常會把過去簡單式和過去進行式連用 , 以表示在過去某動作發生時 , 另一個動作正在進行當中 , 我再給幾個例子囉 :
Tom was waiting for me when I arrived.
Tom burnt his hand when he was cooking the dinner.

過去完成進行式亦即係Past Continuous
錯...過去完成進行式應該是Past Prefect Continuous

過去完成式 (以上的朋友答得很清楚, 所以不用多提)


過去完成進行式 (past perfect continuous 不等於 past continuous)
在過去的時段 , 到過去所叙述的時份一直都在進行時 , 就要用這個 past perfect continuous tense)

e.g. When she arrived, I had been waiting for three hours.
當她到達時 , 我一直在等她三小時
(是描述 "她到達" 的時候, 你一直在做的一個動作)

e.g. I realized that I had been overworking, so I decided to take a couple of
days' holiday.
我察覺我一直工作過多 , 所以我決定要放幾天假
(是描述 "之前你察覺時" , 你一直在做的一個動作)

e.g. he had been talking to the classmate when his teacher came in.
當老師進入時 , 他一直在跟那個同學談話.
(是描述"當老師進入時" , 他仍然未停口 , 依然在跟那個同學談話中)

e.g. he had been living with his grandma since he was 3.
自從他三歲開始 , 他一直跟他的袓母住
(事件是描述他是由他三歲到那刻的時段都是跟祖母住)

e.g. He had been lying in bed since he suffered from cancer.
自他有癌症後, 他一直臥在床上
(是描述他沒有離開床 , 一直都臥在床至你想敍述那一刻)