英文tense

http://ks.hkcampus.net/~ks-eng/f3gramm/id2.htm

http://www.npc.edu.hk/staff/~ngtungying/english_grammar/lessons/lesson35.htm

http://www.npc.edu.hk/staff/~ngtungying/english_grammar/lessons/lesson33.htm



這幾個網學Tense都幾好嫁，好多種Tense都有，簡單易明！

§ Future Prefect Tense
動詞的將來完成時態的形態是：

will ( shall ) have + 動詞的過去分詞
動詞的將來完成時態表示：

將來某一時間之前已經完成的動作或狀態
使用這種時態，多會涉及兩個動作或狀態。一個在前，一個在後。
敘述前面的動作或狀態，動詞要用將來完成時態；敘述後面的動作
或狀態，動詞要用一般現在時態。

※ 圖示：

過去 現在 將來
_________________│____________________________________
│ │
future perfect simple present (simple future)
例如：

We will have completed the work before you come.
﹝在你來之前，我們將完成工作。﹞
※「你來」在將來發生，應用 "You will come" ( Simple Future ) ，
但習慣上卻用 "You come" ( Simple Present ) 來代替。
這種情況是：
"Simple present tense in form but Simple future in meaning"
﹝形式上是一般現在時態，但意義上是一般將來時態﹞
He will have studied English for five years by the end
of next month.

* "by the end of next month" 稱「時間短語」"Phrase of time"，
使用了，可不用從句。

We will have played ball when you come.
或 when you come, we will have played ball.
When I have taken my supper, I will take a walk with you.
﹝當我吃完晚餐時，我將和你散步。﹞
※「我吃完晚餐」在將來完成，應用 Future Perfect Tense，
但可以用 Present Prefect Tense 代替。
這種情況是：
" Present perfect tense in form but future perfect tense in meaning."
﹝形式上是現在完成時態，但意義上是將來完成時態﹞
After I take my supper, I will take a walk with you.
※若用 "After" 一詞，則可以用 Simple Present Tense 來代替。
這種情況是：
"Simple present tense in form but present perfect tense in meaning."
﹝形式上是一般現在時態，但意義上是現在完成時態﹞

He says that he will have graduated from a university
before you return home.
1. Simple Present Tense
主動語態： I teach him.

被動語態： He is taught by me.


2. Present Continuous Tense
主動語態： I am teaching him.

被動語態： He is being taught by me.


3. Present Perfect Tense
主動語態： I have taught him.

被動語態： He has been taught by me.


4. Present Perfect Continuous Tense
主動語態： I have been teaching him for a week.

被動語態： 缺


5. Simple Past Tense
主動語態： I taught him yesterday.

被動語態： He was taught by me yesterday.


6. Past Continuous Tense
主動語態： I was teaching him when you came.

被動語態： He was being taught by me when you came.


7. Past Perfect Tense
主動語態： I had taught him before you came.

被動語態： He had been taught by me before you came.


8. Past Perfect Continuous Tense
主動語態： I had been teaching him an hour before you came.

被動語態： 缺


9. Simple Future Tense
主動語態： I shall teach him tomorrow.

被動語態： He will be taught by me tomorrow.


10. Future Continuous Tense
主動語態： I shall be teaching him when you come.

被動語態： 缺


11. Future Perfect Tense
主動語態： I shall have taught him before the sun sets.

被動語態： He will have been taught by me before the sun sets.


12. Future Perfect Continuous Tense
主動語態： I shall have been teaching him for an hour before
the sun sets.

被動語態： 缺


其他例子

主動語態： I am looking for you.

被動語態： You are being looked for by me.

* "look" 不及物動詞，加 "for" 成及物， "look for" 解作「找尋」。


主動語態： I sleep.﹝正確﹞

被動語態： I am slept.﹝錯誤﹞

* 不及物動詞沒有被動語態。


主動語態： We must do it now.

被動語態： It must be done ( by us ) now.


※ 如果句子中有這類助動詞，那麼動詞的被動語態的形態是：

助動詞 + BE + 動詞的過去分詞

※ 在不引起誤解的情況下， "by us" 有時可省去。


主動語態： You can do it now.

被動語態： It can be done by you now.


主動語態： I gave him a book.

被動語態： He was given a book by me.


※ 如果有兩個賓語，通常代表人的間接賓語變為主語，另一個保留
不動，稱為「保留賓語」Retained Object。
※ 不過，也可以把直接賓語變為主語。


主動語態： I gave him a book.

被動語態： A book was given him by me.