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Broadly speaking, literature is used to describe anything from creative writing to more technical or scientific works, but the term is most commonly used to refer to works of the creative imagination, including works of poetry, drama and fiction.
Literature represents a language or a people: culture and tradition. But literature is more important than just a historical or cultural artifact. Literature introduces us to new worlds of experience. We learn about books and literature; we enjoy the comedies and the tragedies of poems, stories, and plays; and we may even grow and evolve through our literary journey with books.
Literature is not written to give the reader facts. It is not a report, but an opportunity for social practice (Jones). It enables the reader to examine thought and action compassionately. The reader can identify with a character and his story, allowing him to see life through the eyes of that character, and share the author’s insight (Reed).
The ultimate goal of literature is to understand others and ourselves. It provides the reader with clues to life itself. We may discover meaning in literature by looking at what the author says and how he/she says it.
We may interpret the author's message. This decoding of the text is often carried out through the use of literary theory, using a mythological, sociological, psychological, historical, or other approach.
References:
Jones, A. Wesley. "Why You Should Read Literature And How." U. Mary. 19 Nov. 2002
Reed, Beverly. "Reading Literature." The Book Bridge Project. Prince George CC. 19 Nov. 2002