現在的Managers 和過去的有什麼不同了?

in recent years, most organizations had cut down their management size or it is called flatten its management hirearchy from many levels to very few levels (1 to 3 levels or less).
in another word, each level of management bears more responsibilities and have more authority to make certain decisions. generally speaking, their workload is much more heavier than before. often they have to work overtime. few of them bring the work back to work at home. some even work at non-working day in office, at peak workload.
Skills required in the working environment nowadays:

Learn as much as you can in your field
Commit to projects, not to companies
Develop highly specialized skills
Keep on top of the latest innovations in your specialized area
Learn to leverage other highly specialized individuals
Use 21st-century tools to do your job and to collaborate
You can start a new business
Both soft skills and hard skills need to be strengthened.
However, different industries/sectors will requires certain particular knowledge and know-how for the management staff. At the same time, various management levels will demand for more or less competency from these managers.
Therefore, it is not easy to just quote a set of skills for all kinds of manager.


Reference :
Seven Survival Skills for the Flat World
Management Skills, Competencies, and Commonsense
Leadership and Management Skills- Harvard Business Online
Almost wherever you look nowadays surveys
Management skills for entrepreneurs

everything is depend on the person