我想問伊索的生平

伊索（希臘文：Αἴσωπος ；拉丁字母轉寫：Aísôpos）,相傳為《伊索寓言》的作者，生平不詳，甚至難以肯定是否真有其人。

根據古代作家的零星記載，伊索約生活於公元前七世紀至六世紀，是來自非洲的奴隸，在古希臘的薩摩斯(Σάμος)打工，後來獲釋，當上自由民，到過雅典，會過梭倫等「古希臘七賢」，最後在德爾菲（Δελφοί）被當地人殺死。


伊索寓言》的名篇包括︰

狼和小羊
龜兔賽跑
狗和影子
農夫和蛇
螞蟻與蟋蟀
烏龜和老鷹
狼來了
父親和他的兩個女兒
生金蛋的鵝
吃不到的葡萄是酸的
狐狸與白鸛
老虎的金手鐲
獅子與老鼠
老鼠開會


《伊索寓言》是源自古希臘的一系列寓言，相傳由伊索創作，再由後人收集成書。也有人認為並無伊索其人，只是古人假托其名將一些民間故事結集成書。《伊索寓言》膾炙人口，對歐洲的寓言文學影響很大

伊索寓言：原書名爲《埃索波斯故事集成》，其故事流傳於民間，到西元前三世紀成書。相傳其中故事是一名衣索比亞黑人奴隸所做，"伊索"即是"埃塞俄"的諧音。伊索生活在西元前6世紀的古希臘, 是薩摩斯島貴族哲學家克桑弗的家奴，一個醜陋無比,智慧無窮的寓言大師。]

伊索寓言這本寓言故事自小便與大家一同成長,雖然它是數千年的作品,但到了現在看起來並沒有過時的感覺,反而在不同的時間看也有十同的感覺.作者伊索原本是一名貧窮的奴隸,但他喜歡講故事,因此便留心四周發生的事物,以一個簡單的故事,內裡卻深藏一個發人心醒的意義,教訓,不必成人以小孩不明白的說話講出他們想小朋友知道的道理,所以小朋友更可以從故事中領悟做人的道理.
因此,後人便把他不同的故事集成伊索寓言,以下便是其中的故事.

狐狸和葡萄
小孩與畫的獅子
航海者
吹牛的運動員
馬與兵
跳蚤和人
擠牛奶的姑娘

根據百科全書的記載，伊索（Aespo）約生於西元前六世紀，相傳身體殘廢，本是奴隸，解放後流浪至特爾非（Delphi），為特爾非人所殺。傳說他為“伊索寓言”的作者，但另有一說：“伊索”並無其人，乃後來假託其名創作。

不管“伊索”有無其人，“伊索寓言”又是何人所作，“伊索寓言”這本書已流傳了二十幾個世紀，成為全人類一項寶貴的資產，它的價值，早已凌越了作者是誰的爭論。

“伊索寓言”有幾個特色：
一、 故事精簡，情節單純。
二、 全部以宇宙萬物（包括人、神、動植物等）為主人翁，並將之擬人化。
三、 每一則故事均隱藏著深邃的人生智慧及濃厚的道德觀念。

因為這三個特色，所以“伊索寓言”令人讀來興味盎然，可說是老少咸宜。不過雖然很多故事寓意鮮明，但晦澀難解者也不在少數，有些篇章更需有相當的人生經驗才能有所體會。

This article is about the Greek tales. For the cartoon series, see Aesop's Film Fables.
Aesop, as depicted in the Nuremberg Chronicle by Hartmann Schedel. Here he is shown wearing 15th century German clothing
Aesop, as depicted in the Nuremberg Chronicle by Hartmann Schedel. Here he is shown wearing 15th century German clothing

Aesop's Fables or Aesopica refers to a collection of fables credited to Aesop (620–560 BC), a slave and story-teller who lived in Ancient Greece. Aesop's Fables have become a blanket term for collections of brief fables, usually involving personified animals. The fables remain a popular choice for moral education of children today. Many stories included in Aesop's Fables, such as The Fox and the Grapes (from which the idiom "sour grapes" was derived), The Tortoise and the Hare, The North Wind and the Sun and The Boy Who Cried Wolf, are well-known throughout the world.

According to the Greek historian Herodotus, the fables were invented by a slave named Aesop, who lived in Ancient Greece during the 6th century BC. While some suggested that Aesop did not actually exist, and that the fables attributed to him are folktales of unknown origins, Aesop was indeed mentioned in several other Ancient Greek works – Aristophanes, in his comedy The Wasps, represented the protagonist Philocleon as having learnt the "absurdities" of Aesop from conversation at banquets; Plato wrote in Phaedo that Socrates whiled away his jail time turning some of Aesop's fables "which he knew" into verses; and Demetrius of Phalerum compiled the fables into a set of ten books (Lopson Aisopeion sunagogai) for the use of orators, which had been lost. There was also an edition in elegiac verse by an anonymous author, which was often cited in the Suda.

The first extensive translation of Aesop into Latin was done by Phaedrus, a freedman of Augustus in this 1st century AD, although at least one fable had already been translated by the poet Ennius. Avianus also translated forty two of the fables into Latin elegiacs, probably in the 4th century AD.

The collection under the name of Aesop's Fables evolved from the late Greek version of Babrius, who turned them into choliambic verses, at an uncertain time between 3rd century BC and 3rd century AD. In about 100 BC, Indian philosopher Syntipas translated Babrius into Syriac, from where Andreopulos translated back to Greek, since original Greek scripts had all been lost. Aesop's fables and the Panchatantra share about a dozen tales, leading to discussions whether the Greeks learned these fables from Indian storytellers or the other way, or if the influences were mutual.

In the 9th century, Ignatius Diaconus, created a version of fifty-five fables in choliambic tetrameters, into which stories from Oriental sources were added, ultimately mutated from the Sanskrit Panchatantra. From these collections the 14th-century monk Maximus Planudes compiled the collection which has come down under the name of Aesop.

List of some fables by Aesop

Aesop's most famous fables include:

* The Ant and the Grasshopper
* The Boy Who Cried Wolf
* The Cat and the Mice
* The Crow and the Pitcher
* The Deer without a Heart
* The Dog and the Bone
* The Dog in the Manger
* The Farmer and the Stork
* The Farmer and the Viper
* The Frog and the Ox
* The Frogs Who Desired a King
* The Fox and the Crow
* The Fox and the Grapes
* The Goose that Laid the Golden Eggs
* The Lion and the Mouse
* The Mischievous Dog
* The North Wind and the Sun
* The Tortoise and the Hare
* The Town Mouse and the Country Mouse
* The Wolf in Sheep's Clothing

A famous fable commonly mis-attributed to Aesop is The Scorpion and the Frog.

★《伊索寓言》以簡潔的文字、絕妙的比喻，道盡人生哲理。不僅是西方寓言文學的典範，其橫溢的趣味和智慧的機鋒，也令人們津津樂道，魅力迄今不減！

伊索，大約生活於西元前六世紀的希臘。
　　有關伊索的生平，人們所知有限，僅能從當時希臘的一些文獻當中，想見大師風采。
　　相傳伊索是奴隸出身，但是由於聰明機智，而獲得主人賞識，擔任律師或辦事員之類的工作，並得以恢復自由。
　　他擅長用比喻的故事來討論或是辯論，這些簡短、精彩又寓意無窮的故事很受當時人們的激賞。
　　時至今日，「伊索」幾乎已成了「寓言」的代名詞。《伊索寓言》不但家喻戶曉，其中許多典故也融入了人們日常的俗語中。
西元前六世紀，伊索——一位希臘籍的奴隸，以過人的智慧和流利的辯詞，在當時的社會大放異彩。
　　伊索擅長說小故事，其中有許多是以動物為主角，並充分利用各種動物的特性來比擬人性，例如狐狸的「狡猾」、獅子的「威武」等等，比喻貼切又寓意深長，帶給人們極多的啟發。
　　經後人的彙編、整理，這些故事得以成書，流傳至世界各地，並成為寓言體文學的範本，舉世聞名的《拉封丹寓言》、《克雷洛夫寓言》其中的不少故事是來自《伊索寓言》。
伊索寓言》的名篇包括︰

狼和小羊
龜兔賽跑
狗和影子
農夫和蛇
螞蟻與蟋蟀
烏龜和老鷹
狼來了
父親和他的兩個女兒
生金蛋的鵝
吃不到的葡萄是酸的
狐狸與白鸛
老虎的金手鐲
獅子與老鼠
老鼠開會

根據百科全書的記載，伊索（Aespo）約生於西元前六世紀，相傳身體殘廢，本是奴隸，解放後流浪至特爾非（Delphi），為特爾非人所殺。傳說他為“伊索寓言”的作者，但另有一說：“伊索”並無其人，乃後來假託其名創作。

不管“伊索”有無其人，“伊索寓言”又是何人所作，“伊索寓言”這本書已流傳了二十幾個世紀，成為全人類一項寶貴的資產，它的價值，早已凌越了作者是誰的爭論。

“伊索寓言”有幾個特色：
一、 故事精簡，情節單純。
二、 全部以宇宙萬物（包括人、神、動植物等）為主人翁，並將之擬人化。
三、 每一則故事均隱藏著深邃的人生智慧及濃厚的道德觀念。

因為這三個特色，所以“伊索寓言”令人讀來興味盎然，可說是老少咸宜。不過雖然很多故事寓意鮮明，但晦澀難解者也不在少數，有些篇章更需有相當的人生經驗才能有所體會。

為了讓這本不朽的著作讓更多人了解，我乃以有限的人生經驗和常識，嘗試將“伊索寓言”中的人生智慧加以解析、闡明。我不敢說我的解析是正確的，而我也深恐我這“自不量力”的舉措，也是一則“伊索寓言”；因此，我的解析，不如就當做一種參考吧！

《伊索寓言》的名篇包括︰

狼和小羊
龜兔賽跑
狗和影子
農夫和蛇
螞蟻與蟋蟀
烏龜和老鷹
狼來了
父親和他的兩個女兒
生金蛋的鵝
吃不到的葡萄是酸的
狐狸與白鸛
老虎的金手鐲
獅子與老鼠
老鼠開會
取自"http://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E4%BC%8A%E7%B4%A2%E5%AF%93%E8%A8%80&variant=zh-tw"