Project關於污染既問題!!

污染（環境污染） 指自然的或人為的向環境中添加某種物質而超過環境的自淨能力而產生危害的行為。主要對環境自然生態系統和人的健康產生危害，即使當時不造成危害，但後續效應有害也算是污染行為，如氮氧化物的排放，本身並不有害，但在陽光催化下與自由基等物質作用會轉化成光化學煙霧，對生物造成危害，對建築物等造成腐蝕。

污染有兩種規模，區域性污染和全球污染。過去人們的注意力只放在區域性污染上面。如燃燒煤會產生煙和二氧化硫，有損人的呼吸道健康，降低污染的注意力主要放在如何去除煙霧和處理二氧化硫方面。但最近幾十年，科學研究發現污染會造成全球效應，如燃燒煤還會產生雖然對人體健康不會造成危害的二氧化碳，但大量二氧化碳的排放會造成溫室效應，引起全球氣候的異常變化。

是否是污染取決於起造成的後果，例如由於工農業生產或人類生活排放含有氮、磷的有機營養物質，會造成水體中藻類異常繁殖，因此在淡水水體中產生水華，在海洋中產生赤潮，也是一種污染。

一般污染被分為空氣污染、水污染、固體廢棄物污染、土壤污染和放射性污染。現在污染的範圍越來越大，有船舶污染、光污染、噪聲污染、熱污染等各種新興污染開始被人們關注。

主要的污染源有各種化學工業工廠、有毒有害有放射性廢棄物的處置不當、農藥過量使用、生產生活污水的排放、機動車尾氣排放、各種噪聲，包括工廠、機動車和商業噪聲、工業、生活燃燒燃料排放的廢氣等。核電站和油輪的事故會造成局部地區的嚴重污染事故。

Pollution is the introduction of pollutants (chemical subtances, noise, heat, light, energy and others) into the environment which result in deleterious effects of such a nature as to endanger human health, harm living resources and ecosystems, and impair or interfere with amenities and other legitimate uses of the environment.

Pollution control is a term used in environmental management. It means the control of emissions and effluents into air, water or soil. Without pollution controls the undesirable waste products from human consumption, industrial production, agricultural activities, mining, transportation and other sources will accumulate or disperse and degrade the natural environment. In the hierarchy of controls, pollution prevention and waste minimisation are more desirable than pollution control.

The major forms of pollution are listed below along with the particular pollutants relevant to each of them:

Air pollution, the release of chemicals and particulates into the atmosphere. Common examples include carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide, chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), and nitrogen oxides produced by industry and motor vehicles. Photochemical ozone and smog are created as nitrogen oxides and hydrocarbons react to sunlight.
Water pollution via surface runoff, leaching to groundwater, liquid spills, wastewater discharges, eutrophication and littering.
Soil contamination occurs when chemicals are released by spill or underground storage tank leakage. Among the most significant soil contaminants are hydrocarbons, heavy metals, MTBE[4], herbicides, pesticides and chlorinated hydrocarbons.
Radioactive contamination, added in the wake of 20th-century discoveries in atomic physics. (See alpha emitters and actinides in the environment.)
Noise pollution, which encompasses roadway noise, aircraft noise, industrial noise as well as high-intensity sonar.
Light pollution, includes light trespass, over-illumination and astronomical interference.
Visual pollution, which can refer to the presence of overhead power lines, motorway billboards, scarred landforms (as from strip mining), open storage of trash or municipal solid waste.
Thermal Pollution, is a temperature change in natural water bodies caused by human influence.

Motor vehicle emissions are one of the leading causes of air pollution.[5][6][7] China, United States, Russia, Mexico, and Japan are the world leaders in air pollution emissions; however, Canada is the number two country, ranked per capita. Principal stationary pollution sources include chemical plants, coal-fired power plants, oil refineries,[3] petrochemical plants, nuclear waste disposal activity, incinerators, large livestock farms (dairy cows, pigs, poultry, etc.), PVC factories, metals production factories, plastics factories, and other heavy industry.