請問塞拉耶佛事件發生在何年？ (請用英文詳細解答)

The Balkans had becomes a place full of jealousy and hatred by 1914. The Austrian annexation of Bosnia and Herzgeovina in 1908 hqd stirrede up anti-Austrian feeling. As well, to Austrain alarm, Serbia had become a leading power in the Balkans after the two Balkan wars. In this explosive situation, a shocking assassination sparked off the great war.

The Sarajevo assassination, 1914
The Archduke Francis Ferdinand, heir to the Austrian throne, visited Sarajevo, the capital of Bosnia. On 28 June 1914, the national day of Serbia, he was assassinated. The assassin was Princip, a Bosnian student who belonged to the Serbian nationalist society (the Black Hand).

Austria-Hungary claimed that the assassination plot had been planned in Serbia and that the Serbia government knew about the plan but did not try to stop it. Actually, the leader of the Black Hand was the man in charge of the Serbian army. It was said that both the Serbia government and the Russian government knew about the assassination plan. Now Austria-Hungary the excuse they wanted to attack Serbia.

Support by Russia, Serbia no longer stood alone in her conflict with Austria-Hungary. Due to the possibility of Russian intervention, Austria-Hungary approached Germany for support. On 6 July, Germany promised to give unconditional support to Austria-Hungary. This support was known as 'the blank cheque'. Germany's unlimited support to Austria-Hungary greatly strengthened the latter's confidence in engaging in an open confrontation with Serbia. Fully supported by Germany, Austria-Hungary sent an ultimatum to Serbia on 23 July. It was a tough ultimatum consisted of three demands:
1. Serbia was to suppress all anti-Austrian societies;
2. Serbia was to dismiss all officials Austria objected to;
3. Austrian officials were to enter Sebria to suppress anti-Austrian activities and to carry out an investigation of the Sarqajevo assassination.

Serbia accepted the firat two demands but rejected the last one. It was then that Austria-Hungary decided to crush Serbia.

Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand

On the morning of June 28, six conspirators, with six bombs and four revolvers divided amongst them, lined Sarajevo's Apel Quai. Some of the conspirators had been given doses of cyanide with which to commit suicide so as not to reveal secrets should they be captured. A seventh conspirator, Danilo Ilić, was in what could be described as an organizational role and unarmed. They lay in wait for Franz Ferdinand's motorcade.


In the first car: the chief detective of Sarajevo and three local police officers.
In the second car: Sarajevo's Mayor, Fehim Efendi Curcic; Sarajevo's Commissioner of Police, Dr. Edmund Gerde.
In the third car: Franz Ferdinand; his wife Sophie; Bosnia's Governor Oskar Potiorek; Franz Ferdinand's bodyguard Lieutenant Colonel Count Franz von Harrach.
In the fourth car: the head of Franz Ferdinand's military chancery, Baron Carl von Rumerskirch; Sophie's lady-in-waiting Countess Wilma Lanyus von Wellenberg; Potiorek's chief adjutant, Lieutenant Colonel Erich Edler von Merizzi; Lieutenant Colonel Count Alexander Boos-Waldeck.
In the fifth car: Adolf Egger, Director of the Fiat Factory in Vienna; Major Paul Höger; Colonel Karl Bardolff; Dr. Ferdinand Fischer.
In the sixth car: Baron Andreas von Morsey; Captain Pilz; other members of Franz Ferdinand's staff and Bosnian officials.
In the seventh car: Major Erich Ritter von Hüttenbrenner; Count Josef zu Erbach-Fürstenau; Lieutenant Robert Grein.
At 10:15 the motorcade passed the first assassin, Mehmed Mehmedbašić. Danilo Ilić had placed him in front of the garden of the Mostar Cafe and armed him with a bomb.[1] Mehmedbašić failed to act. Ilić placed Vaso Čubrilović next to Mehmedbašić arming him with a revolver and a bomb. He too failed to act. Further along the route, Ilić placed Nedeljko Čabrinović on the opposite side of the street near the Miljacka River arming him with a bomb. As Franz Ferdinand's car approached, Čabrinović threw his bomb. The bomb bounced off the folded back convertible cover into the street. Its timed detonator caused it to explode under the next car, putting that car out of action and wounding a total of 20 people according to Reuters.[2]. Čabrinović swallowed his cyanide pill and jumped into the Miljacka. The procession sped away towards the Town Hall, and the scene turned to chaos. Police dragged Čabrinović out of the river, and he was severely beaten by the crowd before being taken into custody. His cyanide pill was either old or of too weak a dosage and had not worked. The river was also only four inches deep and failed to drown him. Cvjetko Popović, Gavrilo Princip and Trifun Grabež failed to act as the motorcade sped away.



After the reception at the Town Hall, Franz Ferdinand decided to go to the hospital and visit the wounded victims of Čabrinović's bomb. Meanwhile, Gavrilo Princip had gone to a nearby food shop, Schiller's delicatessen, after learning the truth that the assassination had been unsuccessful. Emerging, he saw Franz Ferdinand's open car reversing after having taken a wrong turn as it drove past, near the Latin Bridge. The driver, Franz Urban, had not been advised of the change in plan and had continued on a route that would take the Archduke and his party directly out of the city. Pushing forward to the right hand side of the car, Princip twice fired a Belgian made Fabrique Nationale M 1910 semi-automatic pistol in 7.65×17 mm (.32 ACP) caliber (serial number 19074). According to Albertini, "The first bullet wounded the Archduke in the jugular vein, the second inflicted an abdominal wound on the Duchess."[3] Princip later claimed that his intention was to kill Governor Potiorek, not Sophie.



Anti-Serb rioting broke out in Sarajevo in the hours following the assassination until order was restored by the military.