LAW EXPERTS!!! HELP!!!!

agency by Ratification
when a person, not being an agent of necessity, acts on behalf of another without his expressed, implied, ostensible or usual authority he will be acting at his own peril. This person will be solely solely responsible for hsi wrongful act. However, if the principal later agrees to adopt(ratify) the contract as his own then the wrongdoer is an agent by ratificationm and he will be absolved form liability on the contract. For example, a principal authorized an agent to buy an antique vase for him in an auction. The agent, without the principal's authority , buys an antique watch instead. The principal can later ratify the contract and take up the contract as his own. Otherwise the agent will have to bear all legla consquences arising form the purchase.

因為agency做ge 嘢，可能principal 未確認

另外，promotor會同pre-incorporation contracts 有關
因為間公司未開，can not exist as a legal prerson

在common law角度，公司未存在，合約不存在

但係companies ordinance section 32A
唔係
Case :
Kelner v Baxter
因為間公司未存在，簽的合約都不存在

公司冇ratification，唔使負責

公司係在pre-incorporation , agency 的合約，要ratification


2007-07-10 20:00:29 補充：
是否經常會與 agent/promotor 相關呢?係另外，有court order 都可以

當個agent事實上係冇principal的授權去簽某o的合約, 但個agent越權代個principal簽o左, 個principal之後知道o左, 佢可以唔承認份合約o既, 但如果個principal覺得份合約對自己有利, 咁個principal就可以ratify張約.