ＴＥＮＳＥ！　　１０

§ Continuous Tense
現在介紹另一種動詞時態，就是進行時態。這種時態的形態是：

BE + 動詞的過去分詞
動詞的進行時態表示：

正在進行的動作或狀態
進行時態與先前介紹過的六種時態結合，可得出另外六種時態：
1. Present Continuous Tense
2. Past Continuous Tense
3. Future Continuous Tense
4. Present Perfect Continuous Tense
5. Past Perfect Continuous Tense
6. Future Perfect Continuous Tense


1. Present Continuous Tense﹝現在進行時態﹞

動詞的現在進行時態的形態是：

am / are / is + 動詞的現在分詞
動詞的現在進行時態表示：

現在正在進行的動作或狀態
例如：

I am going to school.
You are eating an apple.
He is playing ball.
※ 有些動詞本身已經有「正在進行」的意思，所以不必用進行時態。
包括：
(1) 表示情感的動詞

例如：
錯誤 正確
I am loving you. I love you.
She is hating him. She hates him.
He is liking apples. He likes apples.
They are disliking oranges. They dislike oranges.

(2) 表示佔有的動詞

例如：
錯誤 正確
He is possessing a house. He possesses a house.
She is having two dogs. She has two dogs.

* He is having a bath. "is having" 不解作「佔有」，解作「行」。

* He is having his supper. "is having" 不解作「佔有」，解作「吃」。

(3) 動詞的進行時態表示的動作或狀態是暫時性的和可以立刻停止
的。如果動作或狀態是長期性的或不能立刻停止的，則不可用
進行時態。

例如：

I am seeing a flower.﹝錯誤﹞

I am looking at a flower.﹝正確﹞

* "see" 是外界的形象傳入我的眼中，使我看見；"look" 是我用心去看
外界的形象，使我看見。"see" 不能立刻停止，"look" 可以立刻停止。

* "look"是不及物動詞，要加 "at" 才及物。
Did you see anything?
I looked but saw nothing.
I am hearing the radio.﹝錯誤﹞

I am listening to the radio.﹝正確﹞

* "hear" 是外界的聲音傳入我的耳中，使我聽到；"listen" 是我用心去聽
外界的聲音，使我聽到。"hear" 不能立刻停止，"listen" 可以立刻停止。

* "listen"是不及物動詞，要加 "to" 才及物。
Did you hear any sound?
I listened but heard nothing.
I see everything but look at nothing.﹝視而不見﹞

I hear everything but listen to nothing.﹝聽而不聞﹞
但當 "see" 及 "hear' 不解作「看」和「聽」時，可用進行時態：

The policeman is seeing the matter.
﹝那警察正在查訪那事件。﹞
The judge is hearing the case.
﹝那法官正在審查那案件。﹞
The cow is standing on the hill.﹝正確﹞

The temple is standing on the hill.﹝錯誤﹞

The temple stands on the hill.﹝正確﹞

The horse is lying on the road.﹝正確﹞

A tree is lying on the road.﹝錯誤﹞

A tree lies on the road.﹝正確﹞


2. Past Continuous Tense﹝過去進行時態﹞

動詞的過去進行時態的形態是：

was / were + 動詞的現在分詞
動詞的過去進行時態表示：

過去某一時間內正在進行的動作或狀態

例如：

He was sleeping when I saw him yesterday.
When he came, I was reading the magazine.
Where were you going when I saw you yesterday?

例如：

We will be waiting for you at the hotel tomorrow.
I will be playing ball with John when you come tomorrow.


4. Present Perfect Continuous Tense﹝現在完成進行時態﹞

動詞的現在完成進行時態的形態是：

have ( has ) been + 動詞的現在分詞
動詞的現在完成進行時態表示：

過去已經開始而到現在還正在進行的動作或狀態

例如：

I have been reading this book for a week.
I have been waiting for him since three o'clock.


5. Past Perfect Continuous Tense﹝過去完成進行時態﹞

動詞的過去完成進行時態的形態是：

had been + 動詞的現在分詞
動詞的過去完成進行時態表示：

過去某一時間以前已經開始而到那時還正在進行的動作或狀態

例如：

They had been playing ball for an hour when you reached
the playground.
I had been doing my homework for three hours when he
visited me yesterday.

１．三個tenses：
Simple present：用於講習慣（I wake up at 7am every day.），定律（Water boils at 100C.）或時間表上o既野（The next bus comes at 9pm.）
Present continuous：都係現在，但講o既係一個暫時性o既事發生期間o既一刻，如 I am running. 我冇可能永遠跑，我講呢句只係講緊當時做緊乜。
Present perfect ：一件事發生左，已經過去，但係效果到今日都仲有效，如 I have bought the house. 成交係完成左o既事，但係成交後間屋就係我架啦，所以呢句其實有 Now I have the house 呢個含義。Present perfect 仲可以用於講剛發生o既事，如老師問你 Where have you been？你剛剛去邊度o黎？呢件事剛完，同現在好有關係，所以都用呢個 tense。
２．睇例：
8pm-9pm：I had dinner. 8:46pm John called. 兩件事一長一短，如果要用 Past perfect continuous交代時間關係，一剎那就完o個件用 when 帶出，要一段時間先做得完o個件用 while（上面剛剛講完，continuous tense 係講進行一件事其間o既一刻嘛），所以：
While I was having dinner, John called me. 或
When John called me, I was having dinner.
３．since 係自從，自從當然係一個時刻之後架啦，如：
The clock has stopped since 1984 / 8:3opm / he arrived.
For 係經過一段時間，所以 for 後係一個時間o既長度，如：
Jane has been here for two hours / seven months.