中四化學...........

(1) No. Lone pair electrons are the pair of electrons in the outermost shell that is not involved in bonding. For example, when chlorine atoms share electrons to form molecules, the pair of electrons which are not involved in bonding are lone pair electrons. Chlorine is not a transition element. Lone pair electrons will occur in covalent bonding.
(2) Compound is formed by two or more elements chemically joined together. Covalent compounds are formed by joining two or more atoms of different non-metal elements. Molecules are formed by joining two or more atoms of same non-metal elements.
(3) You may simply call it "ionic compound".
(4) Usually the colours of compounds are related to the ions they contained. For example, copper(II) ion is blue in colour, and sulphate ion is colourless, so copper(II) sulphate crystal is blue in colour (blue + colourless = blue). For atoms or compounds, the most effective way to determine their colours is to memorize it. But the difference is you should memorize the colours of ions instead of compounds for the colours of compounds.
(5) Compound forms by bonding. Ionic compounds formed by losing and accepting electrons. Covalent compounds formed by sharing electrons.
(6) Bonding, you may consider it to be electrons transferring/sharing.