有沒有人有人體膝蓋解構的圖片?

Diagram:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Knee_diagram.png
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Gray351.png
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Gray348.png

膝，俗稱膝蓋，為位于大小腿之间的连接部位。膝的主要内部组成结构为半月板以及四条韧带。

半月板为膝内部股骨下端和胫骨上端之间的接连处所垫的一块新月形的纤维软骨组织，作用是缓冲膝关节的震动，以及避免两块骨头的直接摩擦。

另外，它由四条主要的韧带支撑着。其中有两条在膝的两侧，称为中侧突韧带和外侧突韧带，主要功能是防止膝部轴离位；另外两条韧带则分别分布在膝前后方，称为前十字韧带和后十字韧带，作用是防止膝部前后移位。

KNEE

In human anatomy, the knee is the lower extremity joint connecting the femur and the tibia. Since in humans the knee supports nearly the entire weight of the body, is the most vulnerable both to acute injury and to the development of osteoarthritis.

Contents
1 Function of the knee
2 Human anatomy
2.1 Ligaments
2.2 Menisci
2.3 Movements
2.4 Injury
3 Animal anatomy
4 Trivia
5 See also
6 Additional images
7 External links

Function of the knee
The knee functions as a living, self-maintaining, biologic transmission, the purpose of which is to accept and transfer biomechanical loads between the femur, tibia, patella, and fibula. In this analogy the ligaments represent non-rigid adaptable sensate linkages within the biologic transmission. The articular cartilages act as bearing surfaces, and the menisci as mobile bearings. The muscles function as living cellular engines that in concentric contraction provide motive forces across the joint, and in eccentric contraction act as brakes and dampening systems, absorbing loads.


Human anatomy
The knee is a complex, compound, condyloid variety of a synovial joint which hovers. It actually comprises two separate joints.

The femoro-patellar joint consists of the patella, or "kneecap", a so-called sesamoid bone which sits within the tendon of the anterior thigh muscle (m. quadriceps femoris), and the patellar groove on the front of the femur through which it slides.
The femoro-tibial joint links the femur, or thigh bone, with the tibia, the main bone of the (lower) leg. The joint is bathed in a viscous (synovial) fluid which is contained inside the "synovial" membrane, or joint capsule.
The recess behind the knee is called the popliteal fossa.

Menisci
These are cartilaginous elements within the knee joint which serve to protect the ends of the bones from rubbing on each other and to effectively deepen the tibial sockets into which the femur attaches. They also play a role in shock absorption. There are two menisci in each knee, the medial meniscus and the lateral meniscus. Either or both may be cracked, or torn, when the knee is forcefully rotated and/or bent.

Movements
The knee permits the following movements: flexion, extension, as well as slight medial and lateral rotation. Also, the knee has special locking and unlocking mechanisms, related to movement by the femoral condyles on the tibial plateau. The ligaments and menisci, along with the muscles which traverse the joint, prevent movement beyond the knee's intended range of motion. It is also classified as a hinge joint.

The range of movement is as follows: Flexion is permitted up to 120º when the hip is extended, 140º when the hip is flexed and 160º when the knee is flexed passively. Medial rotation is limited to 10º and lateral rotation to 30º .

http://www.wppc.hk/2005-1.pdf

圖片參考：http://hk.wrs.yahoo.com/_ylt=A8tU32kVpHtGx4YA5Am.ygt./SIG=128s8g57p/EXP=1182594453/**http%3A//www.rehcare.com.tw/txt/p35.files/image002.jpg


髂脛束是一個廣平的類似韌帶的結構,起源於腸骨脊t和附著於脛骨的外邊, 正好在膝蓋下面, 髂脛束可以視為連接股骨外上髁和邊脛骨Gerdys Tubercle之間的韌帶,當它通過在股骨和脛骨之間沒與骨頭相連,這允許髂脛束隨著膝蓋彎曲和伸直的運動做向前和向後移動, 在膝蓋伸直時髂脛束會向前移動至股骨的外上髁的前面,而當這個膝蓋彎曲大於30度時, 髂脛束會向後移動至股骨的外上髁的後面,當髂脛束縮短或遭受張力時, 膝蓋反覆的運動會造成髂脛束的摩擦而發炎,所以髂脛束症候群是由髂脛束反覆的穿過股骨的外上髁所產生的過度使用受傷

本身髂脛束主要的功能有兩種:

1. 對膝蓋的外部方面提供靜態穩定性

2.控制內收運動和大腿的減速作用

所以在一個慢跑期間,髂脛束完成這個功能大約每分鐘90次, 或者在四小時的馬拉松期間約 22,000次,慢跑選手中髂脛束症候群是起因於股骨的額外內部旋轉開始,對於髂脛束症候群,滑液蘘經常會發炎,且隨著膝關節做彎曲和伸直的動作同時而產生摩擦聲。

膝關節是人體最複雜關節之一，它是由大腿骨、小腿骨及膝蓋骨所組成，
而大腿骨及膝蓋骨組成的一個關節所出現的問題最為普遍，退化的速度亦較
高。每當我們走路、上落樓梯及蹲坐起立時，膝蓋骨便不偏不倚地在大腿骨下
端之骨坑處滑動，而膝蓋骨後及大腿前都有平滑之軟骨，令膝蓋骨於滑動
時能減少磨擦，使滑動更加自如。膝蓋關節痛輕者通常在運動後(如跑
步、遠足)，發現常見膝蓋骨下出現疼痛、腫脹、僵硬、泛紅、上落樓梯時
更痛楚等，需時數天休息才消退，但容易因恢復運動而再復發；嚴重者的
徵狀或不能自然減退，連走路亦有困難，膝蓋繃緊的感覺會愈來愈強烈及持續疼痛。
膝關節是人體最複雜關節之一，它是由大腿骨、小腿骨及膝蓋骨所組成，
而大腿骨及膝蓋骨組成的一個關節所出現的問題最為普遍，退化的速度亦較高。
http://www.rehcare.com.tw/txt/p35.files/image002.jpg