Sulphuric acid +Distinguish the solids

2007-06-16 3:32 am
1. Describe the similarities and differences in chemical properties of concentrated sulphuric acid and dilute sulphuric acid.Illustrate your answer using appropriate examples.
2. There are four unlabelled reagent bottles each containing one of the white solids listed below :
ammonium chloride, ammonium nitrate, sodium hypochlorite and sodium sulphate
Suggest how you would carry out tests to distinguish the four solids from one another.

回答 (1)

2007-06-16 6:17 pm
✔ 最佳答案
(1) First of all, concentrated sulphuric acid has the following properties that dilute sulphuric acid does not have:

Dehydrating (Hygroscopic)
For example: Glucose can be converted to black carbon by conc. acid but not dilute acid
Involatility (Displacement)
For example: Conc. Sulhpuric acid can displace chloride and nitrate from their corresponding salt:
H2SO4 + 2NaCl → Na2SO4 + 2HCl
H2SO4 + 2NaNO3 → Na2SO4 + 2HNO3
Strong oxidizing agent
For example: Conc. sulphuric acid can react with some metals lower than H in the ECS that dil. sulphuric acid cannot react with, say copper, to give sulphur dioxide gas:
Cu + SO42- + 4H+ → Cu2+ + SO2 + 2H2O
And for the similarities, they can show up their acidic property in some reactions, say, towards carbonate and bicarbonate salts, in which carbon dioxide gas is given out in both cases.
(2) Steps are shown as follows:

Adding dilute HCl to all samples, the one giving out greenish yellow gas with pungent smell (chlorine) is sodium hypochlorite and no observable change for the remaining samples.
For the remaining 3 samples, strongly heat each of them and the one giving out a colourless gas relighting glowing splint (oxygen) is ammonium nitrate and no observable change for the remaining samples.
For the remaining 2 samples, add dilute NaOH to each of them and the one giving out a colourless gas with pungent smell (ammonia) is ammonium chloride and no observable change for the remaining sample.
Last one will be sodium sulphate.
參考: My chemical knowledge


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