✔ 最佳答案
Relative clause = 關係分句 / 關係子句 ("分句" or "子句" 表示與"主句" main clause有別, 是主句的"分支"。)
英語的關係分句(Relative Clause)就是由關係詞引導的分句。由於關係詞是英語(以及眾多印歐系語言)的特有詞類(註1),而漢語並無這種詞類,因此這種分句的中譯法有一些獨特之處。
在英語傳統語法學中,關係詞是一個頗為龐雜的詞類,除了人們一般認識的who(m)、which、whose、when、 where、why等(註2)通常用於「修飾性關係分句」的關係詞外,還有專門用於「名詞性關係分句」的關係詞what、 whatever、wherever、whoever、whichever等(註3)。而關係分句的類別也有好幾種,既有前述的「修飾性關係分句」和「名詞性關係分句」之分(註4),又有「限制性關係分句」和「非限制性關係分句」之別
純粹從結構上看,漢語中對應於英語關係分句的結構是置於名詞中心語前的「小句+的」結構或「動詞短語+的」結構,而這亦是很多關係分句的中譯法。例如以下兩組句子
A relative pronoun is usually used to introduce an adjective clause:
Young-Hee, who is a Korean student, lives in Victoria.
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The main relative pronouns are:
Who: used for humans in subject position::
Hans, who is an architect, lives in Berlin.
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Whom: used for humans in object position::
Marike, whom Hans knows well, is an interior decorator.
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Which: used for things and animals in subject or object position::
Marike has a dog which follows her everywhere.
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That: used for humans, animals and things, in subject or object position (but see below)::
Marike is decorating a house that Hans designed.
Practice here練習:
http://www.uhv.edu/ac/grammar/pdf/relativeclauses.pdf
hope this can help you^^...