食物與心臟病的關係~~(10點)

Heart disease is an umbrella term for a number of different diseases which affect the heart and is the leading cause of death in the United States as of 2007. The most common heart diseases are:

Coronary heart disease, a disease of the heart itself caused by the accumulation of atheromatous plaques within the walls of the arteries that supply the myocardium.
Ischaemic heart disease, another disease of the heart itself, characterized by reduced blood supply to the organ.
Cardiovascular disease, a sub-umbrella term for a number of diseases that affect the heart itself and/or the blood vessel system, especially the veins and arteries leading to and from the heart. Research on disease dimorphism suggests that women who suffer with cardiovascular disease usually suffer from forms that affect the blood vessels while men usually suffer from forms that affect the heart muscle itself. Known or associated causes of cardiovascular disease include diabetes mellitus, hypertension, hyperhomocysteinemia and hypercholesterolemia.
Cor pulmonale, a failure of the right side of the heart.
Hereditary heart disease, heart disease caused by unavoidable genetic factors since birth.
Hypertensive heart disease, heart disease caused by high blood pressure, especially localised high blood pressure
Inflammatory heart disease, heart disease that involves inflammation of the heart muscle and/or the tissue surrounding it.
Valvular heart disease, heart disease that affects the valves of the heart.

Cardiovascular disease refers to the class of diseases that involve the heart and/or blood vessels joints and bones and veins.
It will be affected by
Age
Gender, men under age 64 are much more likely to die of coronary heart disease than women, although the gender difference declines with age. [2] (The gender difference is less pronounced in blacks than in whites, but it is still significant [3])
Genetic factors/Family history of cardiovascular disease
Modifiable Risk Factors
Tobacco smoking
Insulin resistance & Diabetes mellitus
Hypercholesterolemia (elevated cholesterol levels) and abnormal lipoprotein particle profile (cholesterol subtypes)
Obesity, especially central or male-type obesity; apart from being linked to diabetes, this form of obesity independently increases cardiovascular risk, presumedly by inducing an inflammatory and procoagulant state
High blood pressure
Elevated heart rate
Physical inactivity/Sedentary lifestyle
Absence of key nutritional elements, such as omega-3 fatty acids and polyphenol antioxidants
Exposure to high levels of environmental noise
Stress
Depression
Periodontal disease