vivaldi既 four seasons.....我要作篇野......(快10點!)

The Four Seasons (Le quattro stagioni in the original Italian) is a set of four violin concertos by Antonio Vivaldi. Composed in 1723, The Four Seasons is Vivaldi's best-known work, and is among the most popular pieces of Baroque music.

The concertos were first published in 1725 as part of a set of twelve, Vivaldi's Op. 8, entitled Il Cimento dell'armonia e dell'inventione (The Contest of Harmony and Invention). The first four concertos were designated Le quattro stagioni, each being named after a season. Each one is in three movements, with a slow movement between two faster ones.


Concerto No. 1 in E major, Op. 8, RV 269, "La primavera" (Spring)

Allegro
Largo
Allegro
Concerto No. 2 in G minor, Op. 8, RV 315, "L'estate" (Summer)

Allegro non molto
Adagio e piano - Presto e forte
Presto
Concerto No. 3 in F major, Op. 8, RV 293, "L'autunno" (Autumn)

Allegro
Adagio molto
Allegro
Concerto No. 4 in F minor, Op. 8, RV 297, "L'inverno" (Winter)

Allegro non molto
Largo
Allegro
The texture of each concerto is varied, resembling its respective season. For example, "Winter" is dark and sombre, whereas "Summer" invokes a thunderstorm in its final movement.

Vivaldi wrote four sonnets, to be read with the four concertos. The sonnets are as follows in the original Italian with an English translation:




Italian
English

La Primavera
Spring


Allegro
Giunt' è la Primavera e festosetti
La Salutan gl' Augei con lieto canto,
E i fonti allo Spirar de' Zeffiretti
Con dolce mormorio Scorrono intanto:
Vengon' coprendo l' aer di nero amanto
E Lampi, e tuoni ad annuntiarla eletti
Indi tacendo questi, gl' Augelletti;
Tornan' di nuovo al lor canoro incanto:

Largo
E quindi sul fiorito ameno prato
Al caro mormorio di fronde e piante
Dorme 'l Caprar col fido can' à lato.

Allegro
Di pastoral Zampogna al suon festante
Danzan Ninfe e Pastor nel tetto amato
Di primavera all' apparir brillante.


Allegro
Springtime is upon us.
The birds celebrate her return with festive song,
and murmuring streams are softly caressed by the breezes.
Thunderstorms, those heralds of Spring, roar, casting their dark mantle over heaven,
Then they die away to silence, and the birds take up their charming songs once more.

Largo
On the flower-strewn meadow, with leafy branches rustling overhead, the goat-herd sleeps, his faithful dog beside him.

Allegro
Led by the festive sound of rustic bagpipes, nymphs and shepherds lightly dance beneath the brilliant canopy of spring

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Antonio Lucio Vivaldi (1678 – 1741), nicknamed The Red Priest for his flaming hair, was a Venetian priest and baroque music composer, as well as a famous violinist. The Four Seasons, a series of four violin concertos, are his best known works and highly popular Baroque music pieces.

The Four Seasons, Le Quattro Stagioni in Italian, was published in 1723 and is a set of four violin concertos depicting natural scenes in music. The inspiration for them was probably the countryside around Mantua.

While song and opera tie music closely to words, instrumental music at best reflects an abstract overall mood, but with the Four Seasons Vivaldi decisively bridged that gap. Each of the four concertos is prefaced by a sonnet (presumably written by the composer) full of allusions ripe for sonic depiction. Thus, the first greets Spring with a profusion of birds - of different species, each specifically characterised, the breath of gentle breezes, a murmuring stream, swaying plants, a goatherd lulled to sleep, and barking dogs. (Summer brings torrid heat, buzzing mosquitoes and a violent storm; Fall a harvest celebration, sleeping drunkards and hunting parties - both from the hunter's and the prey's point of view, and Winter chattering teeth, stamping feet, children ice-skating, burning fires, and, for a zesty conclusion, a howling windstorm.)

Not only are the individual verses printed in the score alongside the music they are intended to depict but Vivaldi adds further phrases ("the barking dog," "the tears of the peasant boy," "the drunkard") to clarify specific allusions. His music depicts some rather literally (accurate imitations of specific bird calls and pizzicato raindrops) and others metaphorically (dissonance to underline a winter chill, rapid scales to portray swirling winds.) While the Four Seasons may have originated as a routine assignment for girls in a convent to play before well-heeled patrons, Vivaldi clearly poured his heart and soul into this work.

In essence, the pieces resembled an early example of a tone poem, where he attempted to capture all the moods of the four seasons without the use of percussion to dramatize the effects he sought to portray.

Each concerto is in three movements, with a slow movement between two faster ones. The texture of each concerto is varied, resembling its respective season. For example, "Winter" is dark and sombre, whereas "Summer" invokes a thunderstorm in its final movement.

The Four Seasons is one of the most popular classical pieces and have been performed by hundreds of orchestras and ensembles, big or small. Some use modern instruments while some use period pieces in am attempt to recreate the piece as Vivaldi himself would have heard it, using harpsichord instead of piano, for example. Orchestral versions may modernize the phrasing, thicken the sound and flesh out harmonies, whereas the small ensembles used only a dozen or so players and respected the original score, played only with a solo violin, first and second violins, viola, and continuo (the harmonic base, generally comprising a cello plus one or more of a string bass, organ, harpsichord or guitar). Some performance may use other instruments such as lute,harp, highland pipes, tambourine, accordion, horn, synthesizer, citterns, pizzicato strings and even percussion.

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