我要關於 霍金的成就、家庭背景、喜好和後世稱譽

1942年1月8日生於牛津。霍金一生貢獻於理論物理學的研究，被譽為當今最傑出的科學家之一。他的著作包括《時間簡史》及《黑洞與嬰兒宇宙以及相關文章》。

七十年代，他和彭羅斯證明了著名的奇性定理，並在1988年共同獲得沃爾夫物理獎。他還證明了黑洞的面積不會隨時間減少。1973年，他發現黑洞輻射的溫度和其質量成反比，即黑洞會因為輻射而變小，但溫度卻會升高，最終會發生爆炸而消失。

八十年代，他開始研究量子宇宙論。這時他的行動已經出現問題，後來由於得了肺炎而接受穿氣管手術，使他從此再不能說話。現在他全身癱瘓，要靠電動輪椅代替雙腳，不但說話和寫字要靠電腦和語言合成器幫忙，連閱讀也要別人替他把每頁紙攤平在桌上，讓他驅動著輪椅逐頁去看。

他發表的著作包括：與G.F.R.艾利斯合著的《時空的大規模結構》，與W.以色 列合著的《廣義相對論：愛因斯坦世紀眺望》和與W.以色列合著的《重力300年》 。史蒂芬·霍金有兩部暢銷書：他的最暢銷書--《時間簡史》，和後來的《黑 洞、嬰兒宇宙及其他》。 霍金教授有十二個榮譽學位。1982年他被授予CBE，1989年獲榮譽夥伴稱號。 他獲得過許多獎勵，獎金，獎牌。他是英國皇家學會會員和美國國家科學學會會員。 史蒂芬·霍金繼續把他的家庭生活（他有三個子女和一個孫子女），他的理論 物理研究與廣泛的旅行和演講結合起來。

史蒂芬‧霍金 (Stephen Hawking) was born on 8 January 1942 (300 years after the death of Galileo 伽利略) in Oxford 牛津, England.

Stephen Hawking has worked on the basic laws which govern the universe.
With Roger Penrose 彭羅斯 he showed that Einstein's General Theory of Relativity implied space and time would have a beginning in the Big Bang and an end in black holes. These results indicated it was necessary to unify General Relativity with Quantum Theory, the other great Scientific development of the first half of the 20th Century. One consequence of such a unification that he discovered was that black holes should not be completely black, but should emit radiation and eventually evaporate and disappear. 他發現黑洞輻射的溫度和其質量成反比，即黑洞會因為輻射而變小，但溫度卻會升高，最終會發生爆炸而消失。

Another conjecture is that the universe has no edge or boundary in imaginary time. This would imply that the way the universe began was completely determined by the laws of science. 八十年代，他開始研究量子宇宙論。

His many publications include The Large Scale Structure of Spacetime with G F R Ellis, General Relativity: An Einstein Centenary Survey, with W Israel, and 300 Years of Gravity, with W Israel. Stephen Hawking has two popular books published; his best seller A Brief History of Time《時間簡史》, and his later book, Black Holes and Baby Universes and Other Essays.《黑洞與嬰兒宇宙以及相關文章》

http://www.hawking.org.uk/text/about/about.html

http://www.hk-phy.org/history/chi/hawking.html
Stephen Hawking, is a theoretical physicist 理論物理學家.
Hawking is now the Lucasian Professor of Mathematics at the University of Cambridge, and a Fellow of Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge.