最後的晚餐(10分)(急急急急急急急急急急)

2007-05-21 4:06 am
我想問最後的晚餐現在在那裡?
我想問最後的晚餐是那個年代?

回答 (4)

2007-05-21 12:32 pm
✔ 最佳答案
最後的晚餐是一幅廣為人知的大型壁畫,文藝復興時期由李奧納多·達·文西於米蘭的聖瑪利亞感恩修道院的食堂牆壁上繪成,1980年被列為世界文化遺產。

創作歷史
1463年-由建築師索拉裏兄弟修建聖瑪利亞感恩修道院Santa Maria delle Grazie。
1470年代-公爵盧多維科·斯福爾札,擴建修道院。公爵找來了當時28歲的畫家達文西與另一位米蘭建築師布拉曼特一同設計,建築師布拉曼特將修道院後部的半圓頂穹窿改為挑高的聖壇。此外也增建了方形迴廊、餐廳等。
1495年-1497年-在有公爵廬多維科王徽裝飾的主窗下。達文西選擇了大廳北墻繪製他打稿已久的油畫「最後的晚餐」,就連顏料也是他自己的發明,是一種油彩與蛋彩的混合顏料。而非中世紀時期廣被運用的濕壁畫顏料。此顏料因混合了有機物,據知是雞蛋與牛奶,而且達文西塗的很薄,導致「最後的晚餐」在五十年後就因濕氣而開始嚴重剝落,修道院費盡心力修補此畫多次。
1652年-修道院在牆上開了一道小門,因此將畫中耶穌與三個門徒的腳給截去了。
1796年-拿破崙占領米蘭,修道院被軍方占用,據記載該大廳被用來當做馬房。
1943年-二次大戰期間,米蘭遭受劇烈的轟炸,所幸修道院並沒有被完全摧毀,為保護畫作,軍方與人民以沙包、鋼架、木板將整面牆做了嚴密的保護,戰後修復了頃倒的其他屋體之後,才重新公開此畫。今日去參觀此畫,仍可看到當時的照片紀錄。
1982年-意大利成立修復小組,並在奧利外提公司的資助下,開始用科學儀器輔助清洗並修補「最後的晚餐」,主持修復計劃的是米蘭的一位藝術史女教授比寧·布拉姆比拉(Pinin Brambilla Barcilon)。此舉雖滿足世人長久以來的願望,但也引起藝術界的一些爭議,因此修復過程相當久,直到1999年3月才重新公開展示此畫。
2000年-「最後的晚餐」並沒有停止修補,而外界的爭議卻越來越大,有些評論家認為此畫被清洗的太過明亮,而藝術史家和宗教學家則在修復過的畫中發現了許多與眾不同的線索。

畫作內容
高4.6米,寬8.8米,畫面利用透視原理,使觀眾感覺房間隨畫面作了自然延伸。為了構圖使徒坐得比正常就餐的距離更近,並且分成四組,在耶穌周圍形成波浪狀的層次。越靠近耶穌的門徒越顯得激動。耶穌坐在正中間,他攤開雙手鎮定自若,和周圍緊張的門徒形成鮮明的對比。耶穌背後的門外是祥和的外景,明亮的天空在他頭上彷彿一道光環。他的雙眼注視畫外,彷彿看穿了世間的一切炎涼。最後的晚餐的畫中窗外顯示是白天,因此被人列為疑點之一。


題材
「最後的晚餐」壁畫取材自聖經馬太福音(26章),描繪耶穌在遭羅馬兵逮捕的前夕和十二門徒共進最後一餐時預言「你們其中一人將出賣我」後,門徒們顯得困惑、哀傷與騷動,紛紛詢問耶穌:「主啊,是我嗎?」的瞬間情景。唯有坐在耶穌右側(即畫面正方左邊第四位)的叛徒猶大(Judas)驚慌的將身體往後傾,一手抓著出賣耶穌的酬勞、一個裝有三十塊銀幣的錢袋,臉部顯得陰暗。


構圖與技法
一般都以達文西的「最後的晚餐」作為文藝復興極盛時期(High Renaissance )的起點,這幅壁畫完成的時間約在1495至1498年間。

為了呈現出每位門徒的形象,達文西將這戲劇性的一幕安排在一個大型食堂裡,讓聚集在長條桌一方的耶穌及其門徒都能面對觀眾,傳神的刻劃出每位門徒在瞬間所顯現的驚異又複雜的表情。

畫面的構圖以耶穌為中心向兩旁展開,就像一個等邊三角形,再以高低起伏的人物動作形成三人一組的四個小三角形,使畫面顯得協調平衡又富有動態感,同時確立了文藝復興極盛時期高度理想化的構圖原則與表現手法。

達文西還運用正確的透視法(Perspective)成功呈現出「最後的晚餐」中的立體空間構圖。畫中食堂兩邊的牆與天花板上一格格的嵌板都向後退,創造一種景深的效果,最後集中並消失在耶穌頭上後方的窗戶,這一點正是整個壁畫的中心點,也是視覺的焦點。窗戶的光線極其自然的落在耶穌的頭上,形成光環(Halo)的效果,完美的表達了耶穌的神性,可說是透視法極其成功的運用。
2007-05-23 8:16 am
The last supper ﹝最後的晚餐﹞ was painted by Leonardo da Vinci ﹝1452-1519﹞ in 1498 during the Renaissance.
參考: My History Book
2007-05-22 4:58 am
最後的晚餐的英文是"LAST SUPPER"

它是在文藝復興時期(Renaissance)的一幅著名的作品,由達文西(Leonardo Da Vinci) 米蘭的聖瑪利亞感恩修道院的食堂牆壁上繪成。
描繪耶穌在遭羅馬兵逮捕的前夕和十二門徒共進最後一餐時預言「你們其中一人將出賣我」後,門徒們顯得困惑、哀傷與騷動,紛紛詢問耶穌:「主啊,是我嗎?」的瞬間情景。唯有坐在耶穌右側(即畫面正方左邊第四位)的叛徒猶大(Judas)驚慌的將身體往後傾,一手抓著出賣耶穌的酬勞、一個裝有三十塊銀幣的錢袋,臉部顯得陰暗。
圖片高4.6米,寬8.8米,畫面利用透視原理,使觀眾感覺房間隨畫面作了自然延伸。為了構圖使徒坐得比正常就餐的距離更近,並且分成四組,在耶穌周圍形成波浪狀的層次。越靠近耶穌的門徒越顯得激動。耶穌坐在正中間,他攤開雙手鎮定自若,和周圍緊張的門徒形成鮮明的對比。
達文西還運用了透視法創造一種景深的效果
參考: 上網同西史notes
2007-05-21 4:21 am
英文得唔得??

According to gospel, the Last Supper was the last meal Jesus shared with his apostles before his death. The Last Supper has been the subject of many paintings, perhaps the most famous by Leonardo da Vinci. In the course of the Last Supper, and with specific reference to taking the bread and the wine, Jesus told his disciples, "Do this in remembrance of Me", (1 Cor 11:23-25). (The vessel which was used to serve the wine, the Holy Chalice, is considered by some to be the "Holy Grail"). Many Christians describe this as the institution of the Eucharist.









Statue of The Last Supper, used during the Good Friday procession in Qormi, Malta





According to tradition, the Last Supper took place in what is called today The Room of the Last Supper on Mount Zion, just outside of the walls of the Old City of Jerusalem.



Simon Ushakov's the Last Supper.



Chronology


The meal is considered by most scholars likely to have been a Passover Seder, celebrated on the Thursday night (Holy Thursday) before Jesus was crucified on Friday (Good Friday). This belief is based on the chronology of the Synoptic Gospels, but the chronology in the Gospel of John is regarded by many as placing the Last Supper on the evening before the Passover (John 13:1, 18:28). References in John's Gospel to the Day of Preparation of the Passover (John 19:14, 31, and 42), are also taken by many to indicate that Christ's death occurred at the time of the slaughter of the Passover lambs (this latter chronology is the one accepted by the Orthodox Church). However, those that place the Last Supper during a Thursday evening Passover Seder generally regard Mark 14:12 and Luke 22:7 as the only explicit references in the Gospels to the slaying of Passover lambs at the time of Christ's crucifixion, and take the Day of Preparation in the Gospel of John as a likely reference to the Passover Friday during which preparations were made for the weekly Sabbath rest. Additionally, several scholars have questioned these chronologies, and have rejected the assumption that the synoptics refer to the Passover Seder and held that they are harmonious with John.[1] Some Christians believe that a thorough examination of the Gospels indicates that the Last Supper was on a Tuesday, and that Jesus was crucified on a Wednesday.


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