The lagoon is shallow, turbid, and highly productive, with a strong connection to the Atlantic Ocean and inflow from several rivers..
Over the past century, it has become increasingly altered (e.g., dredging of ship channels), polluted (both organic and industrial pollutants), and overfished. Ninety-two species of fishes have been collected from the lagoon, and the overlap among species from the early 1990s to the present is approximately 75%.
Since the early sampling, 13 species have disappeared, and 29 have been added (including 20 species that are now fairly common).
During the early part of the century, most fishes were nondependent marine species that were benthic, oriented to soft bottoms, and had pelagic eggs.
Today, benthic fishes remain important, but more resident species and more species that lay eggs on hard substrates are found.
These fishes also generally are more tolerant of adverse water quality.
These changes are attributed largely to human-caused changes to the environment, but overfishing has been a problem as well.
For example, sea lampreys were eliminated by fisheries during the early twentieth century.
A number of the recent arrivals are subtropical fishes, thereby suggesting that rising ocean temperatures are allow ing these species to move further north.
Overall, fish have remained abundant and diverse, and the basic trophic structure has remained similar through the years.
Pombo et al (2002) therefore conclude that the fish community is resilient, but needs to be monitored as an indicator of water quality and other conditions.
Without reversal of the trend of deterioration from human causes, however, it is hard to be optimistic about the future of the lagoon and its fishes.
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兩位大大.....翻譯軟體沒辦法把生物相關的原文翻的很順 相信你們讀過一次就會知道了......