✔ 最佳答案
雨後經常可以看到的彩虹,是因為空中飄浮的小水滴就像一個個的球形透鏡,陽光射入水滴後,經過折射、反射再折射出來,進到我們的眼睛。本來的白光進入水滴後,會像牛頓的三稜鏡實驗一樣,因為折射而分成不同的色光,所以彩虹才有不同的顏色。
但是如果空氣中佈滿水滴,為什麼我們只看到一道彩虹,而不是到處都有彩虹呢?這是因為光線入射水珠的位置,只有一個角度會讓折射出的光線強度最大。這就是解讀彩虹現象的最基本原理:入射光和眼睛見到色光的視線間有一個固定的夾角。
因此,並不是只有空中某些特別的水珠會產生彩虹,而是只有在特定角度的水珠所折射出來的色光才能進到我們的眼睛。這個角度和不同色光的折射率有關,例如紅光的折射率較小,夾角較大(約42°13');反之,紫光折射率小,夾角就較小(約40°30'),這就造成紅色在上、紫色在下的彩虹。
因為陽光是平行入射,由上述原理和「平行線同位角相等」的定理,進到眼中的色光會因為空氣中的水珠層厚度的增加而加強,這就是為什麼大雨後的彩虹較清楚、小雨後的較淡薄的原因。
由於基本原理中固定夾角的限制,當太陽在我們頭上時(例如正午),折射的光線進不到眼睛,所以看不到彩虹。必須到約下午4點以後,彩虹才會在山巒或城市的天際線上出現,而且隨著時間越接近傍晚,彩虹的位置會越高,這也是基本原理的應用。
根據同樣的原理,考慮以通過眼睛平行於入射陽光之直線為轉軸,旋轉在你眼中造成彩虹的入射光線,這時進到你眼睛的折射色光,會轉出一個圓錐面。如果入射光不平行於地面(例如下午4點時),這個圓錐面投射到我們眼裡,看起來只是一段短圓弧。但是到了傍晚陽光平行於地面時,我們眼中的彩虹,就幾乎是正半圓。關於如何利用微積分推導彩虹基本原理。
大家記憶裡最深刻、最令人讚歎的彩虹,都發生在大雨後的傍晚,顏色分明的一道彩虹,圓圓高掛在天邊,從一座山跨到另一座山。看過上面的說明,讀者應該能夠自行解釋了吧。
彩虹是非常有趣的哲學對象,既不真的存在於外界,也不只是人類心靈的想像,它是主客互動的產物。下次和友人看到彩虹時,請記得你們共享的是空靈大氣、好風好雨;至於彩虹,是無法共享的。
When the rain can often see the rainbow, because the air floating like a small drop of a spherical lens, Launched into sunlight exposure, after refraction, reflection refraction again, and into our eyes. White originally entered the water droplets, like Newton's F experiment, and because of refraction into different shade. So have rainbow of different colors. However, if the air filled with a drop of water, why do we only see a rainbow, but not everywhere rainbow? This is because the light water from the location of the incident, only one point let the refraction of light intensities. This phenomenon is interpreted Rainbow basic principle : the incident light and shade their eyes to see the sight between a fixed angle. So, it is not only the particular air drops will have a rainbow, but only in specific angle by refraction of water from the shade enter our eyes. The angle and refractive index of different shade, for example, the refractive index of smaller lights, larger angle (about 42 ° 13 '); Instead, the small violet index, on a smaller angle (about 40 ° 30 '), This has resulted in the red, purple next rainbow. If the sun is parallel to the incident, the above principle and the "parallel lines corresponding angles are equal." The theorem, advance to the eyes because of the shade of water from the air layer thickness increases to strengthen, This is why the rain rainbow clearer, light rain after the relatively weak reasons. As the basic principles of the fixed angle between the restrictions when the sun on our heads (as noon). refraction of light into the eyes not, therefore see no rainbow. To be about 16:00, will be in the Rainbow hills or city skyline that line. With more time close to the evening, the rainbow of the higher position, which is also the basic tenets of application. Under the same principle, given through the eyes parallel to the incident sunshine straight line shafts, Rotating your eyes to the rainbow caused the incident light, then into your eyes refraction shade will be transferred to a conical surface. If the incident light is not parallel to the ground (for example, 16:00 pm), the conical surface projection of our eyes, appear only for a short arc. But in the evening sunshine parallel to the ground, we see a rainbow, it is almost half. On the use of calculus derived Rainbow basic tenets. We memory most profound and Amazing Rainbow, in the evening after heavy rain, the clear color of a rainbow, clouds hanging high in the round, from one hill to another across mountains. Read the note above, the reader should be able to explain it. Rainbow is a very interesting philosophical object, not really exist in the outside world, not only the imagination of the human spirit. It is the swapping of interactive products. Next see the rainbow and friends, please remember that you share the Zen atmosphere, good Wind good rain; As for the rainbow, is not shared.