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"The Masque of the Red Death" is a short story written by Edgar Allan Poe and first published in 1842.
The story takes place at the castellated abbey of the "happy and dauntless and sagacious" Prince Prospero. Prospero and one thousand other nobles are taking refuge in a walled abbey to escape the Red Death, a terrible plague that has been sweeping the land. The symptoms of the Red Death are gruesome to behold: the victim is swept by convulsive agony and sweats blood instead of water. The plague is said to kill within half an hour. Prospero and his court are presented as being indifferent to the sufferings of the population at large, intending to await the ending of the plague in luxury and safety behind the walls of their secure refuge.
One night, Prospero holds a masquerade ball to entertain his guests. Seven great rooms of the abbey are decorated each in one of seven colors: blue, purple, green, orange, white, violet, and, chillingly, black. Late into the night, Prospero notices one figure in a grey robe resembling a funeral shroud, with a mask depicting a victim of the Red Death, which all at the ball have been desperate to escape. Gravely insulted, Prospero demands to know the identity of the mysterious guest, and pursues him through the seven rooms until the mysterious figure is cornered in the seventh room, the black room, whose windows are tinted scarlet. To the horror of all, the guest reveals himself as the personification of the Red Death itself, and Prospero and all his guests suddenly contract and succumb to the disease. The last line of the story is: "And Darkness and Decay and the Red Death held illimitable dominion over all."