Grammar -- I have not sth ?

2007-05-05 8:49 pm
不太懂一些文法.....
I don't have enough money 為何可寫成
I haven't enough money 呢?
究竟是對不對的?

回答 (3)

2007-05-06 12:26 am
✔ 最佳答案
朋友,揀答案時一定要很小心,有人會說I haven't enough money錯,其實一點也沒有錯
現在我將牛津【實用英語語法】關於have的用法的一段簡述:
have這隻字有很多意思
若have表示”擁有”時,其否定式就可以用:don't have或have not,而疑問句可用Do X haveYY....或Have X YY
若have意指”吃”,”舉行”,”經歷”,”享受”,”體驗”等等其他的意思時,其否定式,就只可說:don't have而疑問句就只可Do x have YY?
如:I didn't have a very good journey.

2007-05-05 16:47:50 補充:
以下是【A University Grammer in English】”In the stative sense of possession, have is often(especially in BrE) constructed as an auxiliary. AmE prefers the do-construction:e.g I haven't(don't have) any books.

2007-05-05 16:48:09 補充:
In dynamic senses(receive, take, experience, etc), lexical have in both AmE and BrE normally has the do-construction:I did'nt have a good time.

2007-05-05 16:51:05 補充:
There is also the informal ”have got”, where ”have” is constructed as an auxiliary, which is frequently preferred(especially in BrE) as an alternative to have. It is particularly common in negative and interrogative sentences.

2007-05-05 16:51:35 補充:
As a further alternative for expressing negation, we have the negative determiner no:I haven't got any book/I have no books

2007-05-06 08:35:16 補充:
上面位朋友說:”在「have got」和名詞之間夾有其他的詞時才可用「hasn't / haven't」: ”,我不大認同,因為我在牛津【Advanced Learner's Dictionary】(第六版)裏看到這樣的例子:”Sorry, I haven't a clue”(對不起,我一無所知),若你所說”a”都是,那麼我沒有可說。

2007-05-06 08:43:19 補充:
還有其他例子,如:No, I have not anything to drink,我們可以看到anything與have not之間也並沒有其他詞語。而且,我參考了好幾本文法書,皆沒有提及。甚至連牛津字典第六版,針對專講have在否定句中,也只是提出,do not have,與have not只是have not是在英國英語用於formal的書寫(當have為擁有,並否定句時)用。
2007-05-06 12:17 am
這裏「have」的意思是「擁有 possess」,亦等於「have got」,但很多時 「got」會被省略。

以下是摘自「Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English」
-----
「He has a beard.」的反義語是:「He hasn't got a beard.」或「He doesn't have a beard.」或「He has no beard.」。

在「have got」和名詞之間夾有其他的詞時才可用「hasn't / haven't」: 「I haven't (got) any money.」/「He hasn't (got) a very good temper.」
-----

所以,「I have (some) money.」的反義語,你可以寫
1.「I don't have money.」或
2.「I haven't got any money.」或
3.「I have no money.」

如果是「I have enough money.」,它的反義語,你可以寫
1.「I don't have enough money.」或
2.「I haven't got enough money.」或
3.「I have not enough money」(這裏的「not」是形容「enough」)

但是,由於在2.中,「haven't」及「money」中間有「enough」,我們可以省略「got」,所以「I haven't enough money.」是正確的。
參考: Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English
2007-05-05 9:07 pm
":I haven't enough money " is wrong. "Have" means "possessive".


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