Respiration is a reaction which can release energy. For human body, food act as a source of hydrocarbon which combine with oxygen to form carbon dioxide , water vapor, and releae energy. The equation is shown below:
C6H12O6 + 6O2 -----> 6CO2 + 6H2O + energy.
Gasouse Exchange is one part of the process during respiration. For human body, human inhale oxygen gas which dissolve in the moisture of alveloi endothelium. Then it diffuse across it and capillary into red blood cell. The haemoglobin of red blood cell pocess haem group which accept the oxygen atom to form oxyhaemoglobin. After the use of the oxygen, the carban dioxide conbine with water in the form of bicarbonate in the red blood cell and release into carbon dioxide from the alveoli surface.
This is the difference between respiration and gaseous exchange. Hope that my information can help you.