~` 急急!!..~我想問關於北極狐同北極狼的資料 (中英兼備)

2007-05-01 5:38 am
Thx!!!
更新1:

Thx... 但可唔可以講埋北極狼ge英文

回答 (1)

2007-05-01 6:35 am
✔ 最佳答案
北極狐(學名Alopex lagopus)屬於犬科的北極狐屬。別名藍狐或白狐。北極狐額面狹,吻尖,耳圓,尾毛蓬鬆,尖端白色,身體略小於赤狐。北極狐的毛皮在國際毛皮市場上可是暢銷的高檔商品,因此北極狐成了人們競相獵捕的目標。

主要特徵
北極狐毛皮既長又軟且厚,所以北極狐可忍受嚴寒。冬天毛色為白色,夏天則為灰黑色。北極狐能在零下50℃的冰原上生活。北極狐的腳底上長著長毛,所以可在冰地上行走,不打滑。

雄性北極狐平均體長55厘米,尾長31厘米,體重3.8公斤;雌性53厘米,30厘米,3.1公斤。肩高在25-30厘米之間。

食物
北極狐的食物包括旅鼠、魚、鳥類與鳥蛋、漿果和北極兔,有時也會漫游海岸捕捉貝類,但狐狸主食還是旅鼠。當北極狐聞到在旅鼠窩的氣味或聽到旅鼠窩裡旅鼠的尖叫聲時,它會迅速地挖掘位於雪下面的旅鼠窩,當扒得差不多時,北極狐會高高跳起,藉著躍起的力量,用腿將旅鼠窩壓塌,然後將窩裡的旅鼠一網打盡。在極度饑餓的情況下,白狐會自相攻擊。

分佈和習性
北極狐分佈於北冰洋的沿岸地帶及一些島嶼上的苔原地帶。北極狐喜歡在丘陵地帶築巢,而北極狐的巢有幾個出入口。當遇到暴風雪時,北極狐可以呆在窩裡一連幾天不出來。北極狐年年都為它的巢穴進行一些維修和擴展,以便能長期居住。夏天,當食物豐富時,北極狐會把部分食物儲存在它的巢穴中。冬天,當巢穴中所儲存的食物被消耗殆盡時,白狐會跟蹤北極熊,揀食北極熊所吃剩的殘羹剩飯。所以冬天里北極熊身後總會有2到3只白狐在悄悄地跟蹤。但當北極熊非常饑餓時,它也會攻擊北極狐。


Arctic fox, also known as the polar fox, is a small fox native to cold Arctic regions of the Northern Hemisphere. It is common in all three tundra biomes. Although some authorities have suggested placing it in the genus Vulpes, it has long been considered the sole member of the genus Alopex. The Arctic fox has smaller, more rounded ears, a more rounded braincase, and a slightly shorter and broader muzzle than the red fox, Vulpes vulpes (Clutton-Brock et al. 1976). Its feet are furrier than those of other foxes. The Arctic fox occurs in two distinct colour morphs, "blue" and "white". Each colour phase also changes seasonally: "blue" moults from chocolate brown in summer to lighter brown tinged with a blue sheen in winter, and "white" is almost pure white in winter, and in summer grey to brownish-grey dorsally, and light grey to white below. Colour morphs are determined genetically at a single locus, white being recessive. The "blue" morph comprises less than 1% of the population through most of its continental range, but this proportion increases westwards in Alaska, and on islands. In Greenland, roughly half of Arctic foxes are of the blue morph, and in Iceland most of them are blue. The Arctic fox has evolved to live in the most frigid extremes on the planet. Among its adaptations for cold survival are its deep, thick fur, a system of countercurrent heat exchange in the circulation of paws to keep them from freezing, and a good supply of body fat. The fox has a low surface-area-to-volume ratio as evidenced by its generally rounded body shape, short muzzle and legs, and short, thick ears. Since less of its surface area is exposed to the cold, less heat escapes the body. Its furry paws allow it to walk on ice flows in search of food. It is also able to walk on top of snow and listen for the movements of prey underneath. It has the warmest fur of any mammal.

Arctic foxes mate in early March to early April. The gestation period is 52 days. Litters tend to average seven pups but may be as many as fifteen. Both the mother and the father help to raise their young. The males leave the family and form their own groups and the females stay with the family.

...


北極狼有一身白色且比南方狼更加濃密的毛。牠們的耳朵比較小也比較圓,鼻子稍短,腿很短。牠們的體重較重,一隻發育完全的公狼重達80公斤。

北極狼分佈在加拿大北極島嶼及格陵蘭北海岸,大概在北緯70度的北邊。牠們生活在荒蕪的地帶,包括苔原、冰河谷及冰原。這些範圍的地面永遠都是凍結的。北極狼能夠忍受攝氏零下55度的寒冷溫度。由於在這個酷寒的地理環境中沒有太多其他的狼群,所以北極狼是所有狼族中最純的品種。

由於北極狼生活圈的地勢險峻難以進入,牠們在野外的行為鮮為人知,特別是漫長黑夜的冬季裡。即使是絕大多數的愛斯基摩人(Inuit),也都生活在比北極狼更南邊的地方。在夏季的研究中指出北極狼的許多行為與南方狼一樣。北極狼群中似乎有著更強的團結力,可能是因為落單的北極狼不大可能在這種環境中生存。在野外,北極狼大概有七年的壽命,但是牠們被人類飼養時,壽命可以超過17年。


北極狼吃牠們所能捕獲的任何動物:從野鼠、旅鼠、野兔及小鳥到馴鹿及麝香牛。牠們必須成群一起獵捕馴鹿及麝香牛等大型獵物。由於這個範圍內掩蔽物極少,北極狼必須逼近有警覺的獸群防禦圈,圈內有幼獸在中央。北極狼群繞這這群動物轉,試圖迫使牠們分散開以便隔離出那些年幼或身體衰弱的成員來。一頭麝香牛就足夠北極狼維持好幾天的生活。北極狼食用牠們獵物身體的每一個部份,包括牠們的皮毛及骨頭。

北極狼群通常由七到十隻的小型團隊或家庭成員組成,其中包括正處於繁殖期的一對狼、牠們的幼狼及後代。狼群中有兩隻具有領導地位的首要公狼及母狼,其他的成員都得服從於牠們的命令。北極狼透過身體的姿勢表達來傳達訊息,比如發出咆哮聲、吼叫聲、低吠聲、哀鳴聲及吠聲,細微的身體動作就能夠表達大量的訊息。感覺害怕時,北極狼會將牠的耳朵平貼在頭旁邊;當被激怒時,牠會露出牙齒。狼群中的部屬成員透過放低身體及尾巴,或以打滾的動作來顯示牠們的次等地位。一隻玩耍中的北極狼會放低身體的前半部,翹起後半部,繞著圓圈上下搖擺。

在三月份交配過後,懷孕的母狼會離開狼群,並尋找適合的洞穴來進行生產工作。幼狼剛出生時既聾又瞎,而且沒有自我保護的能力。牠們得依靠牠們的母親,而母狼則依賴牠的配偶帶來食物。狼群中所有成年的北極狼都幫助尋找食物幫忙餵養幼狼。但在接下來的一年中,幼狼可能就要準備離開這個狼群。

北極狼是狼族中唯一沒有受到生存威脅的,而且在牠們整個歷史活動範圍中,仍然可以被發現的亞種。牠們偏遠的棲息地使牠們可以遠離人類,而避免因人類威脅所帶來的絕種危機。
參考: wikipedia


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