✔ 最佳答案
Westminster system 西敏寺制度 is used in countries like the UK, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, etc (mostly Commonwealth Realms). 內閣的憲政大臣亦是上議院議長 only applies in UK.
Upper House 上議院 (known as House of Lords in UK, Senate in Canada, Australia) is the 'second-sober' thought. They debate legislation more carefully and in m0re details than their counterpart, the Lower House and they are not usually elected.
Lower House 下議院 (known as House of Commons in UK & Canada, House of Representatives in Australia and New Zealand) are elected members around the country and they are representing the people within their district. Their job is to debate and approve or reject bills sent to the House.
The Queen, Elizabeth II, is the Queen of the 16 different Commonwealth Realms and her approval is required before bills become laws. (This is done only in UK. In Canada, Australia, New Zealand, etc, the Governor General approves bills)
Advantages to this system is that there is a second chamber of Parliament in debating laws, the legislature approves the government via vote of confidence and the legislature can vote the government out of office. Disadvantage includes grid-locks and unstable governments because terms of office is not defined.
Other systems include the Presidentialism (ie. US) , Semi-presidentialism (ie. France) & Communism (ie. China)
參考: You can do further searches with the bolded terms.