reach 和arrive有什么分别？

當然reach的意思比arrive的意思多，但若你所指的只是它們解作”到達”之意，其實這兩個字的意思都沒有分別，連牛津字典，給reach其中的一個意思就是"arrive at"，但你必須留意，reach解作到達的時候，是一個及物動詞，後面必須有受詞
如：We reached Bejing last sunday.
但arrive卻是一個不及物動詞，後面可不需受詞，通常我們會加一個介詞，使它用起來像及物動詞
如：The delegation (arrived in) London last Monday.
所以你要注意這點。
至於shut和close的分別，在牛津字典第六版，有一段study note就這樣說：
you can close and shut doors, windows, your eyes, mouth, etc.（關門，閉窗，閉眼，閉嘴等用close或shut均可）
Shut含發出較大聲音之意，常見於slammed shut, banged shut, snapped shut.
Shut is also usually used for containers such as boxes, suitcases etc.（閉上盒子，手提箱等亦常用shut）
商店，辦事處等停業或不辦公用close或shut均可
e.g. What time do the banks close/shut
亦可用(closed或shut)(美國英語常用closed)
e.g. The store is closed/shut today
尤其在美國英語中，shut聽起來欠禮貌
closed可用於名詞前，shut則不能，如：a closed window
通路封閉，機場關閉等常用closed，如：The road is closed because of the snow
Close亦用於正式英語中，表示會議或談話結束。

在指「達到」的時候，reach跟arrive沒有大分別。在語法上，reach是個vt而arrive是vi。
I reached France on Monday. I arrived in France on Monday.
How did you reach your conclusion? How did you arrive at your conclusion?

但reach也可以解「聯絡」，那時候就不可以改寫成arrive：
I called John all morning long and could not reach him.

Shut和close的解法也一樣，但用哪一個字就在乎於慣用法：
The teacher asked us to close our books.
I closed/shut the door/window.
I shut the tap.

some time they are the same, all depends where do you want to apply them

eg. I reach home at 10pm =I arrive home at 10pm
eg. I don't know where he is, I can't reach him. ( here, it means I can't find him, so you can't use arrive.

eg I shut off the TV . You can use "turn off" but can't use close
eg I close the door. =I shut the door.

So it all depends.

reach係用係一d地區範圍較大既地方, 例如國家咁.
I have just reached France.

而arrive係可以用係一d地區範圍較細或者較大既地方, 好似城市咁, 又或者係一個建築物
都可以係國家. arrive既用法係比較有彈性既.
I have arrived in the city.

shut就好似reach咁, 通常係用係一個較複雜或者較巨大既物體上.
好似一個network, 一件重型機器咁.
The server shuts down the network automatically.

而close就多數用係d比較小型既物件上面.
好似d普通電器咁.
例子日常都可以見到, 相信唔洗俾個example你都識