✔ 最佳答案
新古典主義
新古典主義(英語︰Neoclassicism),是一種新的復古運動。興起於18世紀的羅馬,並迅速在歐美地區擴展的藝術運動,影響了裝飾藝術、建築、繪畫、文學、戲劇和音樂等眾多領域。新古典主義,一方面起於對巴洛克(Baroque)和洛可可(Rococo)藝術的反動,另一方面則是希望以重振古希臘、古羅馬的藝術為信念(亦即反對華麗的裝飾,儘量以儉樸的風格為主)。新古典主義的藝術家刻意從風格與題材模仿古代藝術,並且知曉所模仿的內容為何。
雕刻
新古典主義在雕刻藝術上以淺浮雕(bas relief)圖式表現,因此截然不同於巴洛克風格的深度雕刻。代表藝術家有巴利(Barry)、卡諾瓦(Conova)、富拉克斯曼(Flaxman)、漢彌頓(Hamilton)、蒙斯、畢拉內及(Piranesi)、托爾瓦森(Thorwaldsen)、維恩(Vien)、魏斯特(West)。
建築
在建築方面,最著名的就是傑佛遜設計的維吉尼亞大學校園。除了維吉尼亞大學外,傑佛遜連住家都是自己親手設計的。
繪畫
新古典主義是一個與藝術相關的小作品。你可以通過編輯或修訂擴充其內容。
西方藝術潮流
文藝復興 · 風格主義 · 巴洛克藝術 · 洛可可 · 新古典主義 · 浪漫主義 · 現實主義 · 前拉斐爾派 · 學院藝術 · 印象派 · 後印象派
20世紀
現代主義 · 立體主義 · 表現主義 · 抽象派 · 達達主義 · 野獸派 · 新藝術派 · 包浩斯 · 風格派 · 裝飾藝術 · 抽象表現派 · 波普藝術 · 未來主義 · 至上主義 · 超現實主義 · 極簡主義 · 後現代主義
For other uses, see Neoclassical (disambiguation).
Neoclassicism (sometimes rendered as Neo-Classicism or Neo-classicism) is the name given to quite distinct movements in the decorative and visual arts, literature, theatre, music, and architecture. These movements were in effect at various times between the 18th and 20th centuries. This article addresses what these "neoclassicisms" have in common.
What any "neo"-classicism depends on most fundamentally is a consensus about a body of work that has achieved canonic status (illustration, below). These are the "classics." Ideally— and neoclassicism is essentially an art of an ideal— an artist, well-schooled and comfortably familiar with the canon, does not repeat it in lifeless reproductions, but synthesizes the tradition anew in each work. This sets a high standard, clearly; but though a neoclassical artist who fails to achieve it may create works that are inane, vacuous or even mediocre, gaffes of taste and failures of craftsmanship are not commonly neoclassical failings. Novelty, improvisation, self-expression, and blinding inspiration are not neoclassical virtues; neoclassicism exhibits perfect control of an idiom. It does not recreate art forms from the ground up with each new project, as modernism demanded. "Make it new" was the modernist credo of the poet Ezra Pound.
Late Baroque classicizing: G. P. Pannini assembles the canon of Roman ruins and Roman sculpture into one vast imaginary gallery (1756)Speaking and thinking in English, "neoclassicism" in each art implies a particular canon of "classic" models. Virgil, Raphael, Nicolas Poussin, Haydn. Other cultures have other canons of classics, however, and a recurring strain of neoclassicism appears to be a natural expression of a culture at a certain moment in its career, a culture that is highly self-aware, that is also confident of its own high mainstream tradition, but at the same time feels the need to regain something that has slipped away: Apollonius of Rhodes is a neoclassic writer; Ming ceramics pay homage to Sung celadon porcelains; Italian 15th century humanists learn to write a "Roman" hand we call italic (a.k.a. Carolingian); Neo-Babylonian culture is a neoclassical revival, and in Persia the "classic" religion of Zoroaster, Zoroastrianism, is revived after centuries, to "re-Persianize" a culture that had fallen away from its own classic Achaemenean past. Within the direct Western tradition, the earliest movement motivated by a neoclassicial inspiration is a Roman style that was first distinguished by the German art historian Friedrich Hauser (Die Neuattische Reliefs Stuttgart 1889), who identified the style-category he called "Neo-Attic" among sculpture produced in later Hellenistic circles during the last century or so BCE and in Imperial Rome; the corpus that Hauser called "Neo-Attic" consists of bas reliefs molded on decorative vessels and plaques, employing a figural and drapery style that looked for its canon of "classic" models to late 5th and early 4th century Athens and Attica.