德文的問題

看來你對德文文法開始有點混淆了(不用灰心, 是學每種外語的必經階段吧!).
1. 德語的詞尾變化是加在 article (a, the), 代名詞, 形容詞後, 不是加在名詞及動詞後.
2. 德文分4個格 (4 cases), 分別為 Nominativ, Akkusativ, Dativ 和 Genitiv, 詞尾變化是根據該字在句子裏屬於甚麼格而變更. 以舉 mein Vater (my father) 為例, 從下面例子, 你可見到詞尾變化的分別 :
Nominativ : Mein Vater ist Lehrer. (My father is teacher.)
Akkusativ : Der Hund beißt meinen Vater. (The dog bites my father.)
Dativ : Meine Mutter gibt meinem Vater einen Hamburger. (My mother gives my father a hamburger. = My mother gives a hamburger to my father.)
Genitiv : Die Kamera meines Vaters ist kaputt. (The camera of my father is broken.)
以上 dativ例句已包含nominative 主格(Meine Mutter), akkusativ 賓格(einen Hamburger)及 dativ受格(meinem Vater). 主格用於 subject, 賓格用於 direct object, 受格用於 indirect object. 由於分格清楚, 就算句子的 word order 掉換如 Einen Hamburger gibt meine Mutter meinem Vater, 所表達意思亦不會改變.
亦由於每一個 gender 在不同的格都有不同的詞尾變化, 你必須花時間記熟所有變化規律, 才能避免造成文法上的錯誤. 以下詞尾變化表或可助你快速對照不同格及不同詞性的詞尾變化:

The definite article - der (Also : dieser, jeder, jener, welcher)








Masculine


Feminine


Neuter


Plural



Nominative


der


die


das


die



Accusative


den


die


das


die



Genetive


des


der


des


der



Dative


dem


der


dem


den (+ n)


The definite article adjective endings








Masculine


Feminine


Neuter


Plural



Nominative


-e


-e


-e


-en



Accusative


-en


-e


-e


-en



Genetive


-en


-en


-en


-en



Dative


-en


-en


-en


-en



The indefinite article - ein (Also : mein, dein, sein, unser, euer)








Masculine


Feminine


Neuter


Plural



Nominative


ein


eine


ein


keine



Accusative


einen


eine


ein


keine



Genetive


eines


einer


eines


keiner



Dative


einem


einer


einem


keinen (+ n)


The indefinite article adjective endings








Masculine


Feminine


Neuter


Plural



Nominative


-er


-e


-es


-en



Accusative


-en


-e


-es


-en



Genetive


-en


-en


-en


-en



Dative


-en


-en


-en


-en


No article adjective endings








Masculine


Feminine


Neuter


Plural



Nominative


-er


-e


-es


-e



Accusative


-en


-e


-es


-e



Genetive


-en


-er


-en


-er



Dative


-em


-er


-em


-en

well doum~!@@

Endings - adjectives needs ending when its fuction is an ephitet - i.e when its not an attribute -
Die Frau ist schoen <- adjective 'schone' - fuction is an attribute
Die schoene Frau hat ein Buch <- adjective is an ephitet here, so it declens - ie requires ending.

Nouns - plural / singular you cannot add the 'e,en,es' declension endings to it except some strong weak masculine nouns that may have en or e but exceptions have to be learnt by heart...

I suppose you already know declension for articles so i will just quickly list the adjective endings here la...

For words preceded by strong / definite articles such as der or dieser
Nominative: e, e, e, en (M,F,N,Pl)
ie - der altE Mann, die altE Frau, das altE Buch, die altEN Buecher
Nominative - subject of the verb

Accusative: en, e, e, en
ie - den altEN Mann, die altE Frau, das altE Buch, die altEn Buecher
Accusative - direct object of the verb or after certain prepositions

Genitive: en, en, en, en
des alten xx, der alten xx etc...
Genitive - possession or after certain prepositions

Dative: en, en, en, en
Dative - indirect object of the verb or after certain prepositions

And adjectives following after an indefinite article
Nom: er, e, es, en i.e ein altER Mann
Acc: en, e, es, en
Gen: en, en, en, en
Dat: en, en, en, en

Nom: Der Autor, ein Autor
Acc: den autor, einen Autor
Gen: des Autors, eines Autors
Dat: dem Autor, einem Autor

for 'my man' again u need to see what is the fuction of the noun - is it the subject or object? or the indirect object... then declen accordingly like the example of Autor...

everything has to learnt off by heart... what i said = just short version, u need to learn many sets of tables + practise ... v. v. v. important...there are many rules like strong, weak and mixed declension... If i were u i would get a grammar book, it worths.

hope this helps...
Good luck