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A Taiwanese may refer to individuals who either claim or are imputed cultural identity focused on the island of Taiwan and/or the lands and territories which have been governed by the Republic of China (ROC) since 1949. At least three competing (occasionally overlapping) paradigms can be used to motivate a claim that one's cultural identity is as a Taiwanese person: a nationalist paradigm, self-identification (including the concept of "New Taiwanese"), and socio-cultural criteria. These standards are fluid, in keeping with an evolving social and political milieu. The complexity resulting from competing and evolving standards is compounded by a larger dispute regarding the political identity of the ROC itself, and its potential de jure independence or political unification with the People's Republic of China.
The Taiwan Leader, Chan Shui Pan wanted to gain independent from China, he fought for his idea for many years, yet China refuses.
i think Taiwanese is just a made up name because Taiwan is part of China. They can call themselves Taiwanese but they can't think Taiwan as an independent country. China has ruled Taiwan for centuries, and China had saved Taiwan from invasion of Japan, Franch, Spain, Vikings for many years.
And now Taiwan want to be independent and even wanted to start war with China? That's nonsense
For detailed info, visit
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taiwanese_people#Self_Identification