我想要關於BIOMASS的資料THANKS爆

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http://www.china5e.com/news/newpower/200605/200605170223.html

生物質 biomass
　　一切直接或間接利用綠色植物光合作用形成的有機物質，包括植物、動物和微生物及其排泄與代謝物。各種生物之間存在著相互依賴和相互作用的關係。生物質對人類有著廣泛而重要的用途：（1）作為食物；（2）作為工業原料；（3）作為生物質能；（4）草木、森林能改善環境，調節氣候，保持生態平衡。它具有可再生性，取之不盡，用之不竭。據估計。每年通過光合作用所形成的生物質能，十倍於全世界總的能源用量，其中只有1%~2％被人類所利用。科學界提出了各種各樣的利用生物質能源作為常規燃料代用品的設想。
生物質能 biomass energy
　　生物質能是指蘊藏在生物質中的能量，是綠色植物通過葉綠素將太陽能轉化為化學能而儲存在生物質內部的能量。煤、石油、天然氣等化石能源也是由生物質能轉變而來的，只是古老的積存罷了。現代生物質能主要包括：（1）木材及森林工業廢棄物；（2）農業廢棄物；（3）水生植物；（4）油料作物；（5）城市及工業有機廢棄物；（6）動物糞便。
生物質氣化技術 biomass gasification technology
　　生物質燃料在高溫及缺氧條件下，熱解產生以一氧化碳為主要成分的可燃氣體的轉化過程。這種熱化學處理技術，可將固態生物質燃料以熱解反應轉換成方便清潔的可燃氣體。其基本原理是將生物質原料加熱，在熱量的作用下，使較高分子量的有機碳氫化合物鏈斷裂，變成較低分子量的烴類、一氧化碳和氫氣等。2003年，中國已建成秸稈集中氣化系統525處，年產燃料氣1.75億立方米，用戶10.7萬戶。

And in English: http://home.clara.net/darvill/altenerg/biomass.htm

Wood was once our main fuel. We burned it to heat our homes and cook our food.
Wood still provides a small percentage of the energy we use, but its importance as an energy source is dwindling.

Sugar cane is grown in some areas, and can be fermented to make alcohol, which can be burned to generate power.
Alternatively, the cane can be crushed and the pulp (called "bagasse") can be burned, to make steam to drive turbines.

Other solid wastes, can be burned to provide heat, or used to make steam for a power station.
"Bioconversion" uses plant and animal wastes to produce fuels such as methanol, natural gas, and oil.
We can use rubbish, animal manure, woodchips, seaweed, corn stalks and other wastes.

生物質是指通過光合作用而形成的各種有機體，包括所有的動植物和微生物。生物質能是太陽能以化學能形式貯存在生物質中的能量形式，以生物質為載體的能量。它直接或間接地來源於綠色植物的光合作用，可轉化為常規的固態、液態和氣態燃料，取之不盡、用之不竭，是一種可再生能源。生物質能的原始能量來源於太陽，所以從廣義上講，生物質能是太陽能的一種表現形式。 依據來源的不同，可以將適合於能源利用的生物質分為林業資源、農業資源、生活污水和工業有機廢水、城市固體廢物和畜禽糞便等五大類。林業資源：林業生物質資源是指森林生長和林業生產過程提供的生物質能源，包括薪炭林、在森林撫育和間伐作業中的零散木材、殘留的樹枝、樹葉和木屑等；木材採運和加工過程中的枝丫、鋸末、木屑、梢頭、板皮和截頭等；林業副產品的廢棄物，如果殼和果核等。
農業資源：農業生物質能資源是指農業作物(包括能源作物)；農業生產過程中的廢棄物，如農作物收穫時殘留在農田內的農作物秸稈（玉米秸、高粱秸、麥秸、稻草、豆秸和棉稈等）；農業加工業的廢棄物，如農業生產過程中剩餘的稻殼等。能源植物泛指各種用以提供能源的植物，通常包括草本能源作物、油料作物、制取碳氫化合物植物和水生植物等幾類。
生活污水和工業有機廢水：生活污水主要由城鎮居民生活、商業和服務業的各種排水組成，如冷卻水、洗浴排水、盥洗排水、洗衣排水、廚房排水、糞便污水等。工業有機廢水主要是酒精、釀酒、製糖、食品、製藥、造紙及屠宰等行業生產過程中排出的廢水等，其中都富含有機物。
城市固體廢物：城市固體廢物主要是由城鎮居民生活垃圾，商業、服務業垃圾和少量建築業垃圾等固體廢物構成。其組成成分比較複雜，受當地居民的平均生活水準、能源消費結構、城鎮建設、自然條件、傳統習慣以及季節變化等因素影響。
畜禽糞便：畜禽糞便是畜禽排泄物的總稱，它是其他形態生物質（主要是糧食、農作物秸稈和牧草等）的轉化形式，包括畜禽排出的糞便、尿及其與墊草的混合物。

燃料

蔗渣是甘蔗提取汁液後剩下的物質。英語中的蔗渣「bagasse」來自法語的bagage、西班牙語的bagazo，原指垃圾。蔗糖作坊常將蔗渣重作為燃料，燃燒時釋放的二氧化碳約等於蔗生長時吸入的二氧化碳。它的灰份只有2.5%（煤約為30~50%），在較低溫便可燃燒，只生產少量氧化氮。以蔗渣為原料的酒精原料在巴西十分流行，每年生產344,000,000噸的蔗中，便有一半拿來作乙醇。

english

Biomass, in the energy production industry refers to living and recently living biological material which can be used as fuel or for industrial production. Most commonly biomass refers to plant matter grown for use as biofuel, but also includes plant or animal matter used for production of fibres, chemicals or heat. Biomass may also include biodegradable wastes that can be burnt as fuel. It excludes organic material which has been transformed by geological processes into substances such as coal or petroleum. It is usually measured by dry weight.

The term biomass is especially useful for plants, where some internal structures may not always be considered living tissue, such as the wood (secondary xylem) of a tree.

Biofuels include bioethanol, biobutanol, biodiesel & biogas.

Biomass is grown from several plants, including switchgrass, hemp, corn, poplar, willow and sugarcane[1]. The particular plant used is usually not very important to the end products, but it does affect the processing of the raw material. Production of biomass is a growing industry as interest in sustainable fuel sources is growing.

Though biomass is a renewable fuel, its use can still contribute to global warming. This happens when the natural carbon equilibrium is disturbed; for example by deforestation or urbanization of green sites.

Biomass is part of the carbon cycle. Carbon from the atmosphere is converted into biological matter by photosynthesis. On decay or combustion the carbon goes back into the atmosphere. This happens over a relatively short timescale and plant matter used as a fuel can be constantly replaced by planting for new growth. Therefore a reasonably stable level of atmospheric carbon results from its use as a fuel.

Although fossil fuels have their origin in ancient biomass, they are not considered biomass by the generally accepted definition because they contain carbon that has been 'out' of the carbon cycle for a very long time. Their combustion therefore disturbs the carbon dioxide content in the atmosphere.

Other uses of biomass, besides fuel:

Building materials
Biodegradable plastics and paper (using cellulose fibres)
Plastics from biomass, like some recently developed to dissolve in seawater, are made the same way as petroleum-based plastics, are actually cheaper to manufacture and meet or exceed most performance standards. But they lack the same water resistance or longevity as conventional plastics.