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I'm currently in a course about the Holocaust right now. Here are some contributing factors: 1. Hitler is appointed Chancellor of Germany in January 1933 by President Paul von Hindenburg; the Nazi party comes to power. Conservatives believed appointing Hitler as Chancellor would bring stability to Germany (after WWI and the unsuccessful Weimar Republic, German government was very unstable). The people who appointed Hitler didn't want a Nazi Germany, just a strong authoritarian central government, and they believed they would be able to control him as a leader. In 1 1/2 years, Hitler manages to establish a one-party dictatorship. He calls for new elections. In March 1933, Hitler passes the Enabling Act, which basically puts Hitler in total power. Under this act the cabinet can make laws; anything can be decreed as long as it doesn't interfere with the Reichstag (parliament); and the laws were prepared by the Chancellor -- Hitler. The government creates special courts to by-pass the established justice system so they can basically do whatever they want. In May, all political parties except for the NSDAP dissolve. 2. Hitler becomes Fuhrer in August of 1934. Hindenburg dies on 1 August 1934. Hitler combines the offices of president and chancellor, becoming Fuhrer (or "leader"). The army takes a personal oath to him. He begins to construct a police state against all potential opponents -- the Gestapo is created to help create concentration camps. These opened in March 1933 and were NOT originally built to hold Jews; they were meant for political prisoners. Heinrich Himmler and Reinhard Heydrich head the Gestapo. Between 1933 and 1939, there is little doubt that a majority of Germans supported Hitler and the Nazi regime, though not necessarily the EXTERMINATION of Jews. However, they did begin pressuring Jews to leave. 3. Defining who is a Jew through the Nuremberg Laws (beginning in 1933) The Nuremberg Laws were an attempt to "legally" define who is Jewish. There are several of them that were enacted throughout the years, though most of them were written between 1933-1935. In April 1933, Jewish shops were required to be labeled as such. SS and SA men were stationed outside these businesses. That same month came the Restoration of Professional Civil Service -- Jewish civil servants were forced to retire (with an exception for WWI veterans who served their countries). The main laws were about deciding who was Jewish; if one's grandparents were Jewish (even if that person had converted to Christianity), then they were considered Jewish. Mixed marriages were prohibited (the children of mixed marriages were called "mischlinge") and intercourse between an Aryan and a Jew was forbidden. There could not be any gentile housekeepers in Jewish homes. These laws also declared that all subjects of GERMAN blood were citizens, not mixed blood or Jews. In April 1938 all Jews were required to have a "Jewish" name. If one did not, they were forced to take the middle name of "Israel" (for men) or "Sarah" (for women). 4. Hitler orders the T-4 Program and the building of the first concentration camps. A decree issued on 1 September 1939 (the same day Germany invades Poland) began the T-4, or euthanasia, Program. Instead of sterilizing those who were mentally ill, physically deformed, those who had congenital diseases, venereal disease, or alcoholics, Hitler ordered them to be killed instead. Notice that the Jews were not part of the definition of the T-4 Program. As I mentioned, the first concentration camps, or KZ ("konzentrationslagern"), were built in 1933 to house political prisoners after the Reichstag Fire in 1933. The number of camps grew between 1939 and 1942 as Jews, homosexuals, and gypsies, among others, were put into these camps. There is a difference between concentration camps and extermination camps (places like Auschwitz-Birkenau, Sobibor, Treblinka, Majdanek, and Belzec). Raul Hilberg, a professor at University of Vermont, did the first big study of the Holocaust in the 1960s. He listed four steps of the Holocaust: definition, expropriation, expulsion, and extermination. I also recommend anything by Christopher Browning; his thesis of the "euphoria of victory" is incredibly compelling.