英國足球流氓史是如何的呢?

足球流氓是指那些在足球比賽時，通過一些暴力行為藉以發泄的人。其中以英國足球流氓最為著名。許多足球場上的慘案都與足球流氓不無干系。
有人認為足球流氓是被社會排斥的弱勢群體的一種反抗。英國警方的調查則發現，足球流氓的行為大多是心理因素所致，例如家庭關係破裂，發泄不滿等。專門研究足球流氓的心理學家沃爾格雷夫則認為這是種族主義和右翼狂熱主義的表現。
England
Football hooliganism in England is believed to have started at the end of the nineteenth century, when people often described as "roughs" caused minor disturbances.[6] By the 1960s, hooliganism had become a more serious problem.[7] This led the government to respond with the 1968 Public Order Act, which, amongst other provisions, allowed the courts to ban offenders from football grounds.[6] The term English Disease is sometimes used to describe football hooliganism.[8].
In the 1960s, when fighting at football was commonplace in the United Kingdom, British police would be on the lookout for fans wearing skinhead fashions or cheap work wear. In response, many hardcore hooligans started to wear more expensive gentlemen's clothing brands (sometimes looted from designer boutiques during riots in European competitions). This led to the development of the casual subculture. Brands popular with casuals have included: Burberry, Ben Sherman, Polo Ralph Lauren, Stone Island, Aquascutum and Paul & Shark. Now the wearing of such clothing at football matches is more likely to attract, than repel police attention.
In 1985, the Heysel Stadium disaster resulted in 39 Juventus supporters being crushed to death when a fence separating them from Liverpool fans collapsed, leading to a violent confrontation.[9] The spotlight was quickly turned on football hooliganism, with English clubs banned from European competitions until 1990 (with Liverpool banned an extra year).[10] It was not until the Hillsborough disaster (in which 96 fans died due to a failure of police to control a large crowd, coupled with poor safety standards) that the Margaret Thatcher government acted, bringing in the Football Spectators Act (1989) in the wake of the Taylor Report.[11] However, as the Hillsborough Justice Campaign notes, "the British Judicial system has consistently found that violence or hooliganism played no part whatsoever in the disaster".[12]

足球流氓是指那些在足球比賽時，通過一些暴力行為藉以發泄的人。其中以英國足球流氓最為著名。許多足球場上的慘案都與足球流氓不無干系。

有人認為足球流氓是被社會排斥的弱勢群體的一種反抗。英國警方的調查則發現，足球流氓的行為大多是心理因素所致，例如家庭關係破裂，發泄不滿等。專門研究足球流氓的心理學家沃爾格雷夫則認為這是種族主義和右翼狂熱主義的表現。