何時要用gerund(10分)

什麼是動名詞 Gerund？
動名詞由動詞的 root form + ing 構成。這類詞既有動詞的特性，
亦有名詞的特性。

此外，動名詞加賓語或修飾語，構成動名詞短語 Gerund Phrase。

1. 作主語
例如：
To hunt tigers is very dangerous.﹝不定詞短語﹞
The hunting of tigers is very dangerous.﹝Verbal Noun﹞
Hunting tigers is very dangerous.﹝動名詞短語﹞
Driving a motorcar requires skill.
Speaking rudely is wrong.
* "rudely" 是副詞，不修飾名詞，只修飾動詞，故 "Speaking" 是 Gerund，
不是 Verbal Noun。
There is no stopping him.﹝無法阻止他。﹞
There is no denying this.﹝這是無法否認的。﹞

2. 作賓語
例如：
I like drinking tea.
We enjoy playing table-tennis.

3. 作補語
例如：
His bad habit is drinking wine.
My hobby is collecting stamps.
Our aim is mastering English in the shortest possible time.

4. 放在介詞後面構成介詞短語
例如：
John has a bad habit of spitting everywhere.
* "everywhere" 是副詞，不修飾名詞，只修飾動詞。
You cannot hope to learn a foreign language well without
making efforts.
※ 有些動詞後面只能以 Verbal Noun 或 Gerund 作賓語，
而不能以 Infinitive 作賓語。
例如：
You can hardly avoid meeting her if you both work
in the same office.
I have finished reading a book.
He suggested reading the instructions first.
Would you mind opening the window?
You should practice writing English regularly.
He denied knowing anything about their plans.
We missed seeing that film when it was at the local cinema.
They couldn't help laughing.
We are considering going to America.

明白嗎=]?

2007-04-09 14:20:39 補充：
其實呢d...好難解你聽-___-不定詞 = infinitive = 與to字連用ex. To hunt tigers is very dangerous.

動名詞
1.<動名詞>是兼有<動詞>和<名詞>性質的{非限定動詞},不隨{主詞}的人稱和數而變化,由{原形動詞}+ing構成。
2.<動名詞>有<動詞>特徵,可以有<受詞>或被<副詞>修飾。
Most of the boys are fond of watching football games.
大多數男孩喜歡看足球比賽。
football games是動名詞watching的受詞。
He insisted on leaving immediately.
他堅持立刻離開。
immediately是修飾動名詞的副詞。
3.<動名詞>的否定式由not+<動名詞>構成。
Trying without success is better than not trying.
試驗不成功總比不試驗好。
4.<動名詞>的{被動}形式由being+{過去分詞}構成。
He doesn't like being disturbed while reading.
他不喜歡在讀書時被打擾。
5.<動名詞>的{完成}形式由having+{過去分詞}構成,它發生的時間先於主要<動詞>發生的時間。
She didn't mention having met you.
她沒有提到見到了你。
6.<動名詞>可被<所有格>如my,Tom's等修飾。
Do you mind my opening the window?
你介意我打開窗戶嗎?
7.<動名詞>可以由<冠詞>或this,some等修飾。
They usually do some shopping on Sundays.
他們星期天通常去購物。
Too much smoking does harm to his health.
吸煙過多傷害他的健康。
A knocking at the window frightened me.
敲窗戶的聲音嚇了我一跳。
8.<動名詞>可以有{複數}形式,但這樣就變成了純粹的<名詞>,不能帶有<受詞>,<補語>或<修飾語>。【參見<分詞>,<不定詞>】
Her sayings and doings are very strange these days.
最近她的言行很古怪。

動名詞在句中的作用

1.<動名詞>有<名詞>的特徵,在句中可起<名詞>的作用,作{主詞},<受詞>,<補語>等。
2.<動名詞>作{主詞}。
Reading is a good habit.
讀書是一個好習慣。
<動名詞>作主詞,後面用單數<動詞>。
3.<動名詞>作<及物動詞>的<受詞>。
I like fishing.
我喜歡釣魚。
4.<動名詞>作<介系詞>的<受詞>,包括 keep on(繼續),look forward to(盼望),be used to(習慣於),get used to(習慣於)等以<介系詞>結尾的<動詞片語>的<受詞>。
I am interested in fishing.
我對釣魚感興趣。
I'm looking forward to meeting her again.
我盼望再見到她。
此處to是<介系詞>,後面只能用<動名詞>。
5.<動名詞>作<主詞補語>。
My favorite sport is skating.
我最喜歡的運動是滑冰。
6.<動名詞>和<名詞>一樣可用作<形容詞>,修飾<名詞>,表示該<名詞>的用途,如:a sleeping car=a car for sleeping;而{現在分詞}用作<形容詞>修飾<名詞>,則表示該<名詞>的動作或狀態,如:a sleeping child=a child who is sleeping。【參見<不定詞在句中的作用>,<分詞在句中的作用>】

動名詞句型
1.在enjoy(欣賞),miss(錯過),practice(練習),suggest(建議),consider(考慮),avoid(避免),mind(介意),finish(完成),put off(延遲), (放棄)等<動詞>後接<動名詞>。
You'd better avoid making mistakes.
你最好避免犯錯誤。
He decided to put off going home.
他決定延期回家。
2.在慣用法be worth(值得),be busy(忙於), (禁不住),it is no use(沒有用)等後接<動名詞>。
The film is worth seeing.
這部電影值得看。
動名詞seeing作副詞,修飾形容詞worth。
It is no use doing such a thing.
做這樣的事沒用。
3.在need(需要),want(需要),worth(值得),deserve(該)等字後常跟<動名詞>的主動形式表示被動的意義。【參見<不定詞句型>】
Your bicycle needs repairing.
你的腳踏車需要修理。
These flowers want watering.
這些花該澆水了。
The book is not worth reading.
這本書不值一讀。
The child deserves beating.
這孩子該打。

動名詞誤用辨析
1.中文:我把給她打過電話的事全忘了。
(誤)I forgot all about to telephone her.
(正)I forgot all about telephoning her.
<介系詞>後不能接<不定詞>,只能接<動名詞>。
2.中文:你介意我在這裡吸煙嗎?
(誤)Would you mind for my smoking here?
(正)Would you mind my smoking here?
在前一句中mind後可接me for smoking here,表示相同的意思。
3.中文:史密斯一家在考慮搬往芝加哥。
(誤)The Smiths are considering to move to Chicago.
(正)The Smiths are considering moving to Chicago.
consider後不能接不定詞,要接動名詞。
4.中文:我習慣於去海灘。
(誤)I am used to go to the beach.
(正)I am used to going to the beach.
be used to中的to是介系詞,後接動名詞;used to後接原形動詞。