“Beethoven” redirects here. For other uses, see Beethoven (disambiguation).
Ludwig van Beethoven
1820 portrait by Joseph Karl Stieler
Background information
Birth name Ludwig van Beethoven
Born December 17, 1770 (baptized)
Bonn, Germany
Died March 26, 1827
Vienna, Austria
Genre(s) Classical
Occupation(s) Composer
Ludwig van Beethoven (IPA: [English ˈlʊdvɪg va:n ˈbe:tovən (among other pronunciations); German ˈlʊtvɪç fa:n ˈbe:tofən], baptized December 17, 1770[1] – March 26, 1827) was a German composer. He is generally regarded as one of the greatest composers in the history of music, and was the predominant figure in the transitional period between the Classical and Romantic eras in Western classical music. His reputation and genius have inspired — and in many cases intimidated — ensuing generations of composers, musicians, and audiences. While primarily known today as a composer, he was also a celebrated pianist and conductor, and an accomplished violinist.
Born in Bonn, Germany, he moved to Vienna, Austria, in his early twenties, and settled there, studying with Joseph Haydn and quickly gaining a reputation as a virtuoso pianist. In his late twenties he began to lose his hearing gradually, and yet he continued to produce notable masterpieces throughout his life, even when his deafness was almost total. Beethoven was one of the first composers who worked as a freelance — arranging subscription concerts, selling his compositions to publishers, and gaining financial support from a number of wealthy patrons — rather than being permanently employed by the church or by an aristocratic court.
Life
For more details on this topic, see Life and work of Ludwig van Beethoven.
Beethoven was born at Bonngasse 515 (today Bonngasse 20) in Bonn, Germany to Johann van Beethoven (1740–1792) of Flemish origin and Magdalena Keverich van Beethoven (1744–1787). Beethoven was baptized on December 17, but his family and later his teacher Johann Albrechtsberger celebrated his birthday on December 16.
Beethoven's first music teacher was his father, a musician in the Electoral court at Bonn, who was apparently a harsh and unpredictable instructor. Johann would often come home from a bar in the middle of the night and pull young Ludwig out of bed to play for him and his friend. Beethoven's talent was recognized at a very early age. His first important teacher was Christian Gottlob Neefe. In 1787 young Beethoven traveled to Vienna for the first time, where he may have met and played for Mozart. He was forced to return home because his mother was dying of tuberculosis. Beethoven's mother died when he was 16, shortly followed by his sister, and for several years he was responsible for raising his two younger brothers because of his father's worsening alcoholism.
Beethoven moved to Vienna in 1792, where he studied for a time with Joseph Haydn, though he had wanted to study with Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, who had died the previous year. He received additional instruction from Johann Georg Albrechtsberger (Vienna's preeminent counterpoint instructor), and Antonio Salieri. Beethoven immediately established a reputation as a piano virtuoso. His first works with opus numbers, a set of three piano trios, appeared in 1795. He settled into the career pattern he would follow for the remainder of his life: rather than working for the church or a noble court (as most composers before him had done), he supported himself through a combination of annual stipends or single gifts from members of the aristocracy, income from subscription concerts, concerts, and lessons, and proceeds from sales of his works.
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ludwig_van_Beethoven