富士山的資料!!

富士山位於日本東京西南西方，約80公里的位置，是靜岡縣和山梨縣境內的睡火山，主峰海拔3776公尺，是日本國內的最高峰，古代文獻亦稱不二，山頂終年積雪，屬於本州地區的富士箱根伊豆國立公園，也是日本百名山之一

概要
富士山作為日本的象徵之一，在全球享有盛譽。它也經常被稱作芙蓉峰或富岳。自古以來，這座山的名字就經常在日本的傳統詩歌「和歌」中出現。

在富士山山麓周圍，分佈著5個淡水湖，統稱富士五湖，是日本著名的觀光度假名勝地。

富士山有4個主要的登山口，分別為富士宮口、須走口、御殿場口、富士吉田（河口湖）口等，其中前三個登山入口都在靜岡縣內。

由於富士山本身的魅力和在日本的地位，人們一直以來希望將其申報為世界自然遺產。但是由於大量的觀光遊客和登山家以及無良商販所丟棄的垃圾，構成了富士山壯麗外觀下陰暗的一面。甚至在全球的登山家之間還流傳著「不要像對待富士山一樣對待珠穆朗瑪峰」這樣的傳言。也因為此，至今富士山進入世界遺產的努力尚未成功。於是，有關方面正努力將富士山登錄為入選標準較為寬鬆的世界文化遺產。


[編輯] 地質學上的富士山

由美國國家航空暨太空總署（NASA）拍攝的富士山
富士山空照圖富士山是典型的成層火山，從形狀上來說，屬於標準的錐狀火山，具有獨特的優美輪廓。至今為止，富士山在山體形成過程中，大致可以分為三個階段：

小御岳
古富士
新富士
其中，小御岳年代最為久遠，是在數十萬年前的更新代形成的火山。

古富士是從8萬年前左右開始直到1萬5千年前左右持續噴發的火山灰等物質沉降後形成的，其高度接近標高3000米。據估計，當時的山頂位於現在的寶永火山口北側1-2公里處。


[編輯] 火山噴發史
距今大約1萬1千年前，古富士的山頂西側開始噴發出大量熔岩。這些熔岩形成了現在的富士山主體的新富士。此後，古富士與新富士的山頂東西並列。約2500-2800年前，古富士的山頂部分由於風化作用，引起了大規模的山崩，最終只剩下新富士的山頂。

據估計，距今1萬1千年前到8千年前的3000年間，新富士山頂仍在不斷噴發出熔岩。此後，山頂部沒有新的噴發，但是長尾山和寶永山等側火山仍有斷斷續續的噴發活動。

史上關於噴發的文字記載有：公元800年-802年（日本延歷19-21年）的「延歷噴發」，以及864年（日本貞觀6年）的貞觀噴發。富士山最後一次噴發是在1707年（日本寶永4年），這次由寶永山發出的濃煙到達了大氣中的平流層，在當時的江戶（現稱東京）落下的火山灰都積有4厘米厚。此後仍不斷觀測到火山性的地震和噴煙，一般認為今後仍存在噴發的可能性。

根據東京大學地震研究所於2004年4月進行的鑽探調查，在上述的3座山體下仍存在更為古老的山體。這第4座山體被命名為先小御岳。

Mount Fuji (富士山, Fuji-san?, IPA: [ɸɯʥisaɴ]) listen (help·info) is the highest mountain in Japan. It straddles the boundary of Shizuoka and Yamanashi prefectures just west of Tokyo, from where it can be seen on a clear day. It is located near the Pacific coast of central Honshū. Three small cities surround it, they are: Gotemba (East), Fuji-Yoshida (North) and Fujinomiya (Southwest).

Mount Fuji is a well-known symbol of Japan and is frequently depicted in art and photographs, as well as visited by sightseers and climbers.


Geography
Mt. Fuji stands at 12,388 ft/3,776 m high and is surrounded by five lakes: Lake Kawaguchi, Lake Yamanaka, Lake Sai, Lake Motosu and Lake Shoji. They, and nearby Lake Ashi, provide excellent views of the mountain. It is part of the Fuji-Hakone-Izu National Park. It is also an active stratovolcano.


[edit] Geology
Scientists have identified four distinct phases of volcanic activity in the formation of Mt. Fuji. The first phase, called Sen-komitake, is composed of an andesite core recently discovered deep within the mountain. Sen-komitake was followed by the "Komitake Fuji," a basalt layer believed to be formed several hundred thousand years ago. Approximately 100,000 years ago, "Old Fuji" was formed over the top of Komitake Fuji. The modern, "New Fuji" is believed to have formed over the top of Old Fuji around 10,000 years ago. [1]

The volcano is currently classified as active with a low risk of eruption. The last recorded eruption occurred in 1708 during the Edo period. At this time, a new crater, along with a second peak, named Hōei-zan after the era name, formed halfway down its side.

Mount Fuji is located at the point where the Eurasian Plate (or the Amurian Plate), the Okhotsk Plate, and the Philippine Plate meet. Those plates form the western part of Japan, the eastern part of Japan, and the Izu Peninsula respectively.


[edit] Name

[edit] Variations
Fuji-san is sometimes referred to as Fuji Yama in some Western texts, because the third character of its name, 山 meaning mountain, can also be pronounced "yama". (See kanji readings.) However, this name is inaccurate in Japan. In fact, the Japanese phrase "Fujiyama, geisha" means the Japan that is misunderstood by the West. The suffix -san, meaning a mountain, has nothing to do with the Japanese title -san used for people. And, because -san means "mountain," the often-found or -heard "Mount Fujisan" is a redundancy.

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