Challenge!

3. for elderly, their cognitive ability is impair, their hearing and vision problem together with their weaken balance and muscle control make them easy to fall. The falling of elderly is usually associate with hip fracture beacuse their bone density is usually decrease, and they can perform nothing to "defence" when they fall (e.g. use arm to support themself to reduce the impact force). And it may also related to their other medical problem, for example, the hypertension and DM may cause them vertigo suddenly, and some medication like hypotension drug may have the same effect.

Other than falling, may be traffic accident is another cause for hip fracture, but it is rare for the patient only get fracture at hip after traffic accident.

As for the compound fracture, it mean a open fracture, that is the bone break throught the skin and cause an open wound. The open fracture is more serious because there is an open wound that may get infection and also, it may mean the bone has a higher degree of translocation.