日本漆工藝
japanning
圖片參考:
http://tw.britannica.com/images/null.gif
圖片參考:
http://tw.britannica.com/images/null.gif
日本漆工藝在18世紀的歐洲非常流行,它是仿效日本漆器對木材、皮革、錫和成型紙胎等進行精飾和裝飾的一種
Japanning is a word originating from the 17th century, used to describe the European imitation of Asian lacquerwork, originally used on furniture.
Japanned
Japanned is most often a heavy black lacquer, almost like enamel paint. The European technique uses varnishes that have a resin base similar to shellac, applied in heat-dried layers which are then polished, to give a smooth glossy finish. It can also come in reds, greens and blues.
Originating in India, China and Japan as a decorative coating for pottery, it made its way into Europe by the 1600s. Because of the high European demand and rumors that the higher quality pieces were not exported, production was start in Italy in the late 17th century. In its traditional form, it can be found as gold designs and pictorials contrasting with the black base color.
9000多年前﹐日本手工藝匠人發現﹐漆樹有毒的樹液在潮濕的環境中乾燥後﹐不但毒 性消失﹐而且會形成一種防水﹑鹽和酒精侵蝕的持久保護層。這一發現後來被廣泛 應用于家庭和慶典活動器具的製造中。
尤其值得一提的是﹐在過去的一百年中﹐這一簡單的工藝技術經擅長發明的能工巧匠 們不斷改進﹐逐漸演變成為了一種精湛的藝術形式。今天各個博物館以及私人的眾 多收藏精品正是這種藝術成就的見證。甚至在21世紀﹐藝術大師們仍在發掘新設計﹑ 新技術﹐他們的努力使得瓷漆這一古老的藝術形式保持了旺盛的生命力。
瓷漆的基本原材料是從urushi(日語)樹中提取的液體生漆﹐並過濾去雜質。工人們還 需分階段向提純後的液體生漆中添加各種材料和顏料﹐整個程序需要大量人力。此 外﹐每一層漆必須在特制乾燥箱中的潮濕環境下晾乾﹐否則漆不能變硬。完成這一 乾燥過程需要一至三天。