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Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (IPA: [ˈvɔlfgaŋk amaˈdɔʏs ˈmotsaɐt], baptized Joannes Chrysostomus Wolfgangus Theophilus Mozart) (January 27, 1756 – December 5, 1791) was a prolific and influential composer of the Classical era. His output of over 600 compositions includes works widely acknowledged as pinnacles of symphonic, concertante, chamber, piano, operatic, and choral music. Mozart is among the most enduringly popular of European composers and many of his works are part of the standard concert repertoire. He is generally considered to be one of the greatest composers of classical music.
沃尔夫冈·阿马多伊斯·莫扎特(Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart,1756年1月27日生於神聖羅馬帝國的一個封邑薩爾斯堡,1791年12月5日於維也納逝世。)是歐洲最偉大的古典音樂作曲家之一。35歲便英年早逝的莫札特,留下的重要作品總括當時所有的音樂類型。根據當代的考證顯示,在鋼琴和小提琴相關的創作,他無疑是一個天份極高的藝術家,譜出的協奏曲、交響曲、奏鳴曲成為後來古典音樂的主要形式,另外他也同時是歌劇方面的專家,他的成就至今不朽於時代的遷變。
Family and early years
Plaque on wall outside Mozart's birthplace at Getreidegasse 9, Salzburg, Austria. It reads Mozart's Birth house, Mozart Museum. W.A. Mozart was born in this house on 27th of January 1756. Wolgang Amadeus Mozart was born to Leopold and Anna Maria Pertl Mozart, in the front room of Getreidegasse 9 in Salzburg, the capital of the sovereign Archbishopric of Salzburg, in what is now Austria, then part of the Holy Roman Empire. His only sibling who survived past birth was an older sister: Maria Anna, nicknamed Nannerl. Mozart was baptized the day after his birth at St. Rupert's Cathedral. The baptismal record gives his name in Latinized form as Joannes Chrysostomus Wolfgangus Theophilus Mozart. Of these names, the first two refer to John Chrysostom, one of the Church Fathers, and they were names not employed in everyday life. The fourth name, meaning "beloved of God" in Greek, was variously translated in Mozart's lifetime as Amadeus (Latin), Gottlieb (German), and Amadé (French). Mozart's father Leopold announced the birth of his son in a letter to the publisher Johann Jakob Lotter with the words "...the boy is called Joannes Chrysostomus, Wolfgang, Gottlieb". Mozart himself preferred to use the third name, and he also took a fancy to "Amadeus" over the years. (see Mozart's name).
出生於薩爾斯堡,在當時這是神聖羅馬帝國一個封邑的首都,父親雷歐波得·莫札特(1719年—1787年)是一位身負宮廷樂師之名的作曲家,母親為 Anna Maria Pertl(1720年—1778年)。身為家中第七個小孩,在他姊姊 Maria-Anna(暱稱Nannerl)1751年出生之前,以及之後至他出生之間的這段時間,分別有三位及兩位不幸夭於年幼。
出生受洗時,他被命名為 Joannes Chrysost[omus] Wolfgangus Theophilus。Theophilus 意為「上帝之愛」,這個名字相當於德文的 Gottlieb,義大利文 Amedeo以及拉丁文 Amadeus,但生前卻從未有人以此名號稱呼他。現在,我們所認識莫札特的名字 Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart 為莫札特在正式場合用的名字。
莫札特三歲便展現出他音樂奇特才能,他不僅具備絕對音準更有超出常人的記憶力,五歲時更請求父親教授大鍵琴,隨後亦獵及小提琴、管風琴和樂曲創作,至此他的能力宛若平地一聲雷響徹雲霄,在學會閱讀、書寫或計算甚至能懂得樂譜視讀、巧弄拍律。六歲,時值1762年,已譜出三首《小步舞曲》(KV.2、4、5)和一曲快板(KV.3)。