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Temperature-dependence
Near room temperature, the electric resistance of a typical metal conductor increases linearly with the temperature:
,
where a is the thermal resistance coefficient.
The electric resistance of a typical intrinsic (non doped) semiconductor decreases exponentially with the temperature:
Extrinsic (doped) semiconductors have a far more complicated temperature profile. As temperature increased starting from absolute zero they first decrease steeply in resistance as the carriers leave the donors or acceptors. After most of the donors or acceptors have lost their carriers the resistance starts to increase again slightly due to the reducing mobility of carriers (much as in a metal). At higher temperatures it will behave like intrinsic semiconductors as the carriers from the donors/acceptors become insignificant compared to the thermally generated carriers.
The electric resistance of electrolytes and insulators is highly nonlinear, and case by case dependent, therefore no generalized equations are given.
2007-03-11 18:08:05 補充:
Formula : R = Ro ( 1 + aT )