海馬的資料

2007-03-11 11:43 pm
海馬的資料

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回答 (6)

2007-03-11 11:47 pm
✔ 最佳答案
Part 1.
海 馬 ﹐ 並 不 是 生 活 在 海 浬 的 馬 ﹐ 而 是 一 種 生 活 在 海 中 的 魚 類 。

海 馬 屬 魚 綱 ﹐ 為 海 龍 科 克 氏 海 馬 ﹑ 刺 海 馬 ﹑ 斑 海 馬 或 日 本 海 馬 除 去 內 臟 的 乾 燥 體 ﹐ 主 產 于 廣 東 ﹑ 廣 西 ﹑ 福 建 ﹑ 台 灣 等 沿 海 地 區 。

海 馬 身 體 和 尾 巴 極 度 彎 曲 ﹐ 體 長 一 般 6 - 2 0 厘 米 ﹐ 全 身 被 外 表 有 棘 狀 突 起 環 形 骨 所 包 裹 好 似 穿 ? 鎧 甲 。 海 馬 具 有 魚 類 的 背 ﹑ 胸 和 臂 鰭 等 特 徵 ﹐ 只 因 其 頭 部 酷 似 馬 頭 而 有 " 海 馬 " 之 稱 。 (海馬跟其他魚類一般生活在水中,並用鰓呼吸。)

Part 2 :
一.海馬要食甚麼?

海馬喜歡活餌,但經過耐心及毅力的馴餌過程可以慢慢地讓海馬食用冷凍餌料。盡管冷凍餌料提供蓄養海馬的便利,但單一種的餌料是缺乏營養的,最好有2種以上的餌料可以混合或交替餵食,偶爾也可以餵食活餌。

採用少量多次的餵食,至少一天二次,最好是3~4次。最佳的餵食時間是AM9:00、中午12點、下午5:00。

冷凍餌料的選擇有下列幾種:
1. 冷凍糠蝦。(台灣很難買的到,我用冷凍南極蝦替代糠蝦。主要是蝦殼較黑殼蝦柔軟)
2. 冷凍赤尾青(南部比較買的到)、五鬚蝦(海釣店有賣活的)、淡水黑殼蝦(一般水族館)。
3. 冷凍豐年蝦成蟲(一般水族館)。
4. 冷凍橈角類(通常海水魚養殖場才會有)。。

活餌可以選擇種類有:
1. 海水五鬚蝦或淡水黑殼蝦。
2. 淡水日光燈或茉莉魚幼生。
3. 水蚤。
4. 豐年蝦。
燈光照明:

海馬交配及分娩大都會在黎明1小時內發生。建議燈光的配置可以依據下列所示:

3小時局部光照→(AM6~9:00)
10小時全光照→(AM9:00~PM7:00)
3小時局部光照→(PM7:00~PM10:00)
8小時黑暗→(PM10:00~AM6:00)。

水質要求:

使用天然海水或人工海鹽素或兩者混合皆可。

溫度 熱帶水域品種27±2℃ 冷水域品種22±2℃
Salinity------------ --1.020~1.025
pH------------------ -8.0~8.4
Ammonia----------0 mg/l
Nitrite------------- --0 mg/l
Nitrate------------- -40 mg/l 以下


三.如何辨別海馬性別?

海馬是由雄性懷孕與分娩,這是海馬獨特的地方。

海馬的雌雄分別可從外形的形態可明顯的區分出來,雄海馬於胸下方有一孵卵囊(看似只是一層皮),孵卵囊平常呈如洩氣狀,當懷孕時孵卵囊則呈如充氣狀,且孵卵囊為封閉性獨立式的,很容易分辨出。於雌海馬的外形則無所謂的孵卵囊,但是可隱約的看到輸卵器(口)-將卵注入雄海馬孵卵囊的器官。然雄海馬孵卵囊內佈滿許多微血管,以利孵化小海馬時,供給營養及保持溫度。雌海馬則無,只有體內的輸卵管連接至通體外的輸卵器。

有些文獻指出海馬是單一配偶的動物,但以實際經驗海馬會與不同的異性交配。甚至在公海馬已經受孕的情況下還是會有交配的情形。

因怕太長【海馬的特徵】【繁殖的方式】【海馬的禦敵】【海馬的用途】【人工的飼養】【鹿茸海馬抗愛滋】
, 可以去看 :
http://www.sheawongb iu.com/seahorse-main .htm


[email protected] 2.http://hk.knowledg e.yahoo.com/question /?qid=7006042400144


海馬的禦敵

一般說來,動物不是靠爪牙來禦敵,就是藉快速逃跑來躲開敵人的攻擊。海馬既無爪牙也跑不快,只有靠保護色來避開敵人的捕食。海馬善於偽裝,是欺敵的高手。牠們跟變色龍一樣,有隨著環境變色的能力。當牠們發現情況危險時,不但立刻變成與四周同樣的顏色,而且偽裝成跟周圍環境一樣的東西,使敵人不易察覺。牠們有時藏匿在海藻之中,有時偽裝成珊瑚的模樣,這就是牠們存活的本事。
2007-03-11 11:50 pm



?Hippocampus


圖片參考:http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Hippocampus.jpg/200px-Hippocampus.jpg

Seahorse, Hippocampus sp.
Scientific classification





Kingdom:
Animalia


Phylum:
Chordata


Class:
Osteichthyes (bony fish)


Order:
Syngnathiformes


Family:
Syngnathidae


Genus:
Hippocampus
Cuvier (1816)[1]

Species


See text for species.

Seahorses are marine fish belonging to the genus Hippocampus of the family Syngnathidae, which also includes pipefish. They are found in temperate and tropical waters all over the world.
Seahorses range in size from 16 mm (the recently discovered Hippocampus denise [1]) to 35 cm. Seahorses and pipefishes are notable for being the only species in which the males become pregnant.
The seahorse is a true fish, with a dorsal fin located on the lower body and pectoral fins located on the head near their gills. Some species of seahorse are partly transparent, hence are often not spotted in aquariums despite being there and are also not often seen in pictures.
Seahorse populations have been endangered in recent years by overfishing. The seahorse is used in traditional Chinese herbology, and as many as 20 million seahorses may be caught each year and sold for this purpose. [2]
Import and export of seahorses has been controlled under CITES since May 15, 2004.
Sea dragons are close relatives of seahorses but have bigger bodies and leaf-like appendages which enable them to hide among floating seaweed or kelp beds. Sea dragons feed on larval fishes and amphipods, such as small shrimp-like crustaceans called mysids ("sea lice"), sucking up their prey with their small mouths. Many of these amphipods feed on red algae that thrives in the shade of the kelp forests where the sea dragons live.
Seahorses reproduce in an unusual way: the male becomes pregnant. Most seahorse species' pregnancies lasts approximately two to three weeks.
The male seahorse has a brood pouch where he carries eggs deposited by the female. The mating pair entwine their tails and the female aligns a long tube called an ovipositor with the male's pouch. The eggs move through the tube into the male's pouch where he then fertilizes them. The embryos develop in ten days to six weeks, depending on species and water conditions. When the male gives birth he pumps his tail until the baby seahorses emerge.
The male's pouch regulates salinity for the eggs, slowly increasing in the pouch to match the water outside as the eggs mature. Once the offspring hatch, the male releases them and does not care for them. Most will not consume their own offspring, however it isn't unheard of.
Once released, the offspring are independent of their parents. Some spend time among the ocean plankton developing before settling down. At times, the male seahorse may try to consume some of the previously released offspring. Other species (H. zosterae) hitch immediately and begin life in the benthos.
Seahorses are generally monogamous, though several species (H. abdominalis among them) are highly gregarious. In monogamous pairs, the male and female will greet one another with courtship displays in the morning and sometimes in the evening to reinforce their pair bond. They spend the rest of the day separate from each other hunting for food.
While many aquarium hobbyists keep seahorses as pets, seahorses collected from the wild do not tend to fare well in a home aquarium. They will only feed on live foods such as brine shrimp and are prone to stress in an aquarium, which lowers their immune systems and exposes them to diseases.
2007-03-11 11:50 pm
海海馬長有馬頭狀的頭部,又活在海中,因而得名。所有海馬都屬於Hippocampus屬,在希臘文中是「馬狀海怪」的意思。牠們屬於海龍科,在希臘文的意思是「接合的顎骨」,屬於這個科的其他成員包括管魚、管海馬與海龍(請參閱近親品種)。
海馬品種的數目一直備受爭論,過去200年共提出了超過120個品種名稱,最後卻發覺許多名稱均指同一種海馬。由於海馬能轉換膚色與長出絲狀體皮膚,以融入四周環境中,因而造成辨認的困難。

另一個問題是我們尚未完全理解不同個體如何出現形狀、體積和形態上的差異,以及生境地、地理環境、溫度及/或年紀對這些差異的影響程度。很多科學家以為自己發現新品種,但事實上只是替已發現品種重新命名。從前專家曾試圖修正海馬的屬,但由於取樣的範圍有限,亦沒根據原有品種的描述進行驗證,因此反而令人更混淆。海馬研究計劃目前辨認了33個品種,數目將隨研究增加。
2007-03-11 11:48 pm
This article is about the animal. For other meanings see Seahorse (disambiguation).





圖片參考:http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/75/Information-silk.png
Hippocampus


圖片參考:http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Hippocampus.jpg/200px-Hippocampus.jpg

Seahorse, Hippocampus sp.

Scientific classification





Kingdom:
Animalia


Phylum:
Chordata


Class:
Actinopterygii


Order:
Syngnathiformes


Family:
Syngnathidae


Genus:
Hippocampus
Cuvier (1816)[1]


Species


See text for species.

Seahorses are marine fish belonging to the genus Hippocampus and of the family Syngnathidae, which also includes pipefish. They are found in temperate and tropical waters all over the world.
Seahorses range in size from 16 mm (the recently discovered Hippocampus denise[2]) to 35 cm. Seahorses and pipefishes are notable for being the only species in which males become "pregnant".[3]
It has a dorsal fin located on the lower body and pectoral fins located on the head near their gills. Some species of seahorse are partly transparent and are rarely seen in pictures.
Seahorse populations have been endangered in recent years by overfishing. The seahorse is used in traditional Chinese herbology, and as many as 20 million seahorses may be caught each year and sold for this purpose.[4]
Import and export of seahorses has been controlled under CITES since May 15, 2004.
Sea dragons are close relatives of seahorses but have bigger bodies and leaf-like appendages which enable them to hide among floating seaweed or kelp beds. Seahorses and sea dragons feed on larval fishes and amphipods, such as small shrimp-like crustaceans called mysids ("sea lice"), sucking up their prey with their small mouths. Many of these amphipods feed on red algae that thrives in the shade of the kelp forests where the sea dragons live.
Reproduction
Seahorses reproduce in an unusual way: the male becomes pregnant. As stated on The Seahorse Project, "The female inserts her ovipositor into the male’s brood pouch, where she deposits her eggs, which the male fertilizes. The fertilized eggs then embed in the pouch wall and become enveloped with tissues." New research indicates the male releases sperm into the surrounding sea water during fertilization, and not directly into the pouch as was previously thought.[5] Most seahorse species' pregnancies lasts approximately two to three weeks.
Hatched offspring are independent of their parents. Some spend time developing among the ocean plankton. At times, the male seahorse may try to consume some of the previously released offspring. Other species (H. zosterae) immediately begin life as sea-floor inhabitants (benthos).
Seahorses are generally monogamous, though several species (H. abdominalis among them) are highly gregarious. In monogamous pairs, the male and female will greet one another with courtship displays in the morning and sometimes in the evening to reinforce their pair bond. They spend the rest of the day separate from each other hunting for food.
2007-03-11 11:47 pm
Part 1.

海 馬 ﹐ 並 不 是 生 活 在 海 浬 的 馬 ﹐ 而 是 一 種 生 活 在 海 中 的 魚 類 。



海 馬 屬 魚 綱 ﹐ 為 海 龍 科 克 氏 海 馬 ﹑ 刺 海 馬 ﹑ 斑 海 馬 或 日 本 海 馬 除 去 內 臟 的 乾 燥 體 ﹐ 主 產 于 廣 東 ﹑ 廣 西 ﹑ 福 建 ﹑ 台 灣 等 沿 海 地 區 。



海 馬 身 體 和 尾 巴 極 度 彎 曲 ﹐ 體 長 一 般 6 - 2 0 厘 米 ﹐ 全 身 被 外 表 有 棘 狀 突 起 環 形 骨 所 包 裹 好 似 穿 ? 鎧 甲 。 海 馬 具 有 魚 類 的 背 ﹑ 胸 和 臂 鰭 等 特 徵 ﹐ 只 因 其 頭 部 酷 似 馬 頭 而 有 " 海 馬 " 之 稱 。 (海馬跟其他魚類一般生活在水中,並用鰓呼吸。)



Part 2 :

一.海馬要食甚麼?



海馬喜歡活餌,但經過耐心及毅力的馴餌過程可以慢慢地讓海馬食用冷凍餌料。盡管冷凍餌料提供蓄養海馬的便利,但單一種的餌料是缺乏營養的,最好有2種以上的餌料可以混合或交替餵食,偶爾也可以餵食活餌。



採用少量多次的餵食,至少一天二次,最好是3~4次。最佳的餵食時間是AM9:00、中午12點、下午5:00。



冷凍餌料的選擇有下列幾種:

1. 冷凍糠蝦。(台灣很難買的到,我用冷凍南極蝦替代糠蝦。主要是蝦殼較黑殼蝦柔軟)

2. 冷凍赤尾青(南部比較買的到)、五鬚蝦(海釣店有賣活的)、淡水黑殼蝦(一般水族館)。

3. 冷凍豐年蝦成蟲(一般水族館)。

4. 冷凍橈角類(通常海水魚養殖場才會有)。。



活餌可以選擇種類有:

1. 海水五鬚蝦或淡水黑殼蝦。

2. 淡水日光燈或茉莉魚幼生。

3. 水蚤。

4. 豐年蝦。

燈光照明:



海馬交配及分娩大都會在黎明1小時內發生。建議燈光的配置可以依據下列所示:



3小時局部光照→(AM6~9:00)

10小時全光照→(AM9:00~PM7:00)

3小時局部光照→(PM7:00~PM10:00)

8小時黑暗→(PM10:00~AM6:00)。



水質要求:



使用天然海水或人工海鹽素或兩者混合皆可。



溫度 熱帶水域品種27±2℃ 冷水域品種22±2℃

Salinity------------ --1.020~1.025

pH------------------ -8.0~8.4

Ammonia----------0 mg/l

Nitrite------------- --0 mg/l

Nitrate------------- -40 mg/l 以下





三.如何辨別海馬性別?



海馬是由雄性懷孕與分娩,這是海馬獨特的地方。



海馬的雌雄分別可從外形的形態可明顯的區分出來,雄海馬於胸下方有一孵卵囊(看似只是一層皮),孵卵囊平常呈如洩氣狀,當懷孕時孵卵囊則呈如充氣狀,且孵卵囊為封閉性獨立式的,很容易分辨出。於雌海馬的外形則無所謂的孵卵囊,但是可隱約的看到輸卵器(口)-將卵注入雄海馬孵卵囊的器官。然雄海馬孵卵囊內佈滿許多微血管,以利孵化小海馬時,供給營養及保持溫度。雌海馬則無,只有體內的輸卵管連接至通體外的輸卵器。



有些文獻指出海馬是單一配偶的動物,但以實際經驗海馬會與不同的異性交配。甚至在公海馬已經受孕的情況下還是會有交配的情形。



因怕太長【海馬的特徵】【繁殖的方式】【海馬的禦敵】【海馬的用途】【人工的飼養】【鹿茸海馬抗愛滋】

, 可以去看 :

http://www.sheawongb iu.com/seahorse-main .htm


[email protected] 2.http://hk.knowledg e.yahoo.com/question /?qid=7006042400144



海馬的禦敵



一般說來,動物不是靠爪牙來禦敵,就是藉快速逃跑來躲開敵人的攻擊。海馬既無爪牙也跑不快,只有靠保護色來避開敵人的捕食。海馬善於偽裝,是欺敵的高手。牠們跟變色龍一樣,有隨著環境變色的能力。當牠們發現情況危險時,不但立刻變成與四周同樣的顏色,而且偽裝成跟周圍環境一樣的東西,使敵人不易察覺。牠們有時藏匿在海藻之中,有時偽裝成珊瑚的模樣,這就是牠們存活的本事。




收錄日期: 2021-04-12 23:28:04
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