香港history!!" 10分嫁

which war was china deeated by the british army from 1842-1890??
The Opium Wars, or the Anglo-Chinese Wars were two wars fought in the mid-1800s that were the climax of a long dispute between China and Britain. In the second, France fought alongside Britain. The conflict began with the growing trade deficit Britain had with China. As a result of high demand of tea in Britain and low demand of British commodity in China, Britain had to trade tea with silver. This created an unbalanced trade relation which was draining Britain's economy. To fix the deficit, Britain began exporting opium to China from British India. The Qing Emperor (Dao Guang) had banned opium in China, citing its harmful effects on health and deleterious impact on societal productivity, however, opium was known in China as a medicinal drug. The British Empire, while also banning opium consumption within her border, continued to export the substance to China. The Opium Wars and the unequal treaties signed afterwards led in part to the downfall of the Qing Empire, as many countries followed Britain and forced unequal terms of trade with China.

Second Opium War (1856-1860)
The Second Opium War, or Arrow War, broke out following an incident in which Chinese officials boarded a British-registered, Chinese-owned ship, the Arrow. The crew of the Arrow were accused of piracy and smuggling, and were arrested. In response, the British claimed that the ship was flying a British flag, and was protected (as were all British ships) by the Treaty of Nanking.

The war's true outbreak was delayed for a few months by the Taiping Rebellion and the Indian Mutiny; the following year, the British attacked Guangzhou. The British then gained aid from their allies - France, Russia, and the United States - and the war continued.

The Treaty of Tientsin was created in July 1858, but was not ratified by China until two years later; this would prove to be a very important document in China's early modern history, as it was one of the primary unequal treaties.

Hostilities broke out once more in 1859, after China refused the establishment of a British embassy in Beijing, which had been promised by the Treaty of Tientsin. Fighting erupted in Hong Kong, and in Beijing, where the British set fire to the Summer Palace and Old Summer Palace after considerable looting took place.

In 1860, at the Convention of Peking, China ratified the Treaty of Tientsin, ending the war, and granting a number of privileges to British (and other Western) subjects within China.

which british captain lead this war??
喬治·懿律（George Elliot，1784年—1863年），英國貴族，在第一次鴉片戰爭中擔任英國全權代表和英軍總司令，查理·義律的堂兄。
Admiral Sir Michael Seymour
On 19 February 1856 he was appointed commander-in-chief of the East Indies station, which included the coast of China. Flying his flag in HMS Calcutta, he conducted the operations arising out of the affair of the lorcha Arrow (Second Opium War); he destroyed the Chinese fleet in June 1857, took Canton in December, and in 1858 he captured the forts on the Pei Ho (Hai River), compelling the Chinese government to consent to the Treaties of Tianjin.

when did they occupi hong kong island??
1841年1月26日，英軍乘HMS硫磺號在水坑口登陸香港島，並由義律出任香港的行政官，但留在澳門辦公。一般認為，香港自當日起成為英國的屬土。

For more details, please visit:
http://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/香港割讓
http://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/第一次鴉片戰爭
http://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/第二次鴉片戰爭
http://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/查理·義律
http://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/喬治·懿律
http://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/巴麥尊
http://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/砵甸乍
http://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/葉名琛
http://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/律勞卑
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opium_War
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Opium_War
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_Opium_War
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sir_M._Seymour

History Of Hong Kong

[edit] Prehistoric Era
Main article: Pre-history of Hong Kong
Archaeological findings suggest human activity in Hong Kong dates back over 5000 years. Bronze fishing and combat tools of Yuet people during Bronze Age have been excavated on Lantau Island and Lamma Island. Stone religious carvings on outlying islands and coastal areas have also been found, possibly related Che people in Neolithic. The latest findings dating from the Paleolithic suggest that Wong Tei Tung (黃地峒) is one of the most ancient settlements in Hong Kong.


[edit] Imperial China Era (221 BC - 1800s)

The facade of the Tsing Shan MonasteryMain article: History of Hong Kong under Imperial China
The territory was incorporated into China during the Qin Dynasty (221 BC - 206 BC), and the area was firmly consolidated under Nam Yuet (203 BC - 111 BC.) Archaeological evidence indicates that the population has increased since the Han Dynasty (206 BC - 220). In the 1950s, the tomb at Lei Cheng Uk from the Eastern Han Dynasty (25 – 220) was excavated and archaeologists began to investigate the possibility that salt production flourished in Hong Kong around 2000 years ago, although conclusive evidence has not been found.

Tai Po Hoi, the sea of Tai Po, was a major pearl hunting harbour in China since Han Dynasty. The activities peaked during the Southern Han (917 to 971) and continued till Ming Dynasty (1368 to 1644)

During the Tang Dynasty, the Guangdong region flourished as an international trading center. The Tuen Mun region in what is now Hong Kong's New Territories served as a port, naval base, salt production centre and later, base for the exploitation of pearls. Lantau Island was also the salt production centre where the salt smugglers riots broke out against the government.

In 1276 during the Mongol invasion, the Southern Song Dynasty court moved to Fujian, then to Lantau Island and later to today's Kowloon City, but the child emperor, Zhao Bing, after being defeated in the Battle of Yamen, committed suicide by drowning with his officials. Tung Chung valley, named after a hero who gave up his life for the emperor, is believed to have been a base for the court. Hau Wong, an official of the emperor is still worshipped in Hong Kong today.

However, during the Mongol period, Hong Kong saw its first population boom as Chinese refugees entered the area. Five families of Hau (Hou, 候), Tang (Deng, 鄧), Pang (Peng, 彭) and Liu (Liao, 廖) and Man (Wen, 文) were claimed to be among the earliest recorded familial settlers of Hong Kong. Despite the immigration and light development of agriculture, the area was still relatively barren and had to rely on salt, pearl and the fishery trades to produce income.

The last dynasty in China, Qing Dynasty, would also be the last to come in contact with Hong Kong. As a military outpost and trading port, the Hong Kong territory would gain the attention of the world.



go:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Hong_Kong