我想知道Horn嘅資料！

The horn(又可以叫做french horn"法國號") is a brass instrument that consists of tubing wrapped into a coiled form, now with finger-operated valves to help control the pitch but originally without valves to control the pitch. (This kind of horn is now called a natural horn, which is a retronym since at that time, all French horns were natural horns.) The instrument was first developed in England as a hunting horn in about 1650. The French refer to the modern valved instrument as the horn of harmony, the Germans call it the hunting horn, and the English and Americans call it the French horn. Most musicians usually refer to it simply as the horn. In the 1960s the International Horn Society declared the official name of this instrument to be the "Horn."

法國號是中音銅管樂器，外型是長管盤成的圓圈型，尾部則擴大成漏斗狀的喇叭口的樂器。其音域比小號低，在銅管樂器中是音域最廣的，它也是木管與弦樂音色的橋樑。法國號是移調樂器，一般定在Ｆ調，其音色溫和、淳厚而高雅，而泛音也是所有樂器中最多的。法國號有三個活瓣。吹奏時用左手食指、中指、無名指案活瓣，右手協助支持樂器。大多以高音譜號記譜，有時也會採用低音譜號。




PICTURE: http://web.kmsh.tnc.edu.tw/~music/french_horn.jpg

2007-03-14 20:56:57 補充：
早d講mah~~~~~English Horn is a large oboe, a fifth lower in pitch than the ordinary oboe, having a pear-shaped bell and producing a mellow tone.

2007-03-14 20:57:34 補充：
It was created when a bulb bell was added to an oboe da caccia body shortly after 1720. The flare-belled oboe da caccia reminded people of the angels' horns depicted in medieval and later religious imagery, especially in German-speaking central Europe. In Middle (High) German

2007-03-14 20:58:14 補充：
During its early years the English horn was used interchangeably with other tenor oboes and few works were written specifically for it. It began to be specified more frequently by the late 1740s.

2007-03-14 20:58:39 補充：
The English horn was usually associated with Italian opera in the late 18th century. Toward the end of the century Venice became an important center for English horn writing. The English horn didn't become established in France until the early 19th century.

2007-03-14 20:59:07 補充：
Hector Berlioz exploited the special character of the instrument from his earliest works; in his "Huit scenes de Faust," Op. 1 (1828-9), the English horn was associated with absence and melancholy, an idea continued in the "Symphonie fantastique" (1830).

2007-03-14 20:59:49 補充：
Hector Berlioz exploited the special character of the instrument from his earliest works; in his "Huit scenes de Faust," Op. 1 (1828-9), the English horn was associated with absence and melancholy, an idea continued in the "Symphonie fantastique" (1830).

2007-03-14 21:00:23 補充：
Rossini made much use of the instrument, particularly in the operas he wrote for Venice, including "La scala di seta" (1812). Verdi began scoring for the instrument early in his career, notably in "Nabucco" (1842).

2007-03-14 21:01:15 補充：
Antonin Dvorak wrote frequent solos for the English horn; that in his Symphony No. 9 "From the New World, well exploits the nostalgic and elegiac character of the instrument. The Scandinavian nationalists were also attracted to it. In The Swan of Tuonela (1893)

2007-03-14 21:01:36 補充：
By the beginning of the 20th century, the English horn was established as a solo voice within the orchestra. During the second half of the century, the English horn was often included in chamber and orchestral music, and many concertos were written for it.

2007-03-14 21:01:49 補充：
While the traditional character of the instrument was often set aside in concert music, it was retained in many film scores; those of Virgil Thomson, Miklos Rozsa and Victor Young contain some outstanding parts.