魚左點算好

<瘀傷 >


甲‧成因

皮膚下的微絲血管，受到碰撞、擊打或受壓等而破裂，血液慢慢地滲進皮下組織，其後形成血塊，呈現在皮膚的下面，而引起的皮膚變色，青腫處的皮膚並無擦破。

血液內的血小板數量不足，容易有皮下出血的傾向，此為病理性，非關外傷。

不明原因的皮下微絲血管出血，較常見於年輕女性，多數不痛，情況輕微。


乙‧程度

嚴重瘀傷：

多見於外傷類的重創，受傷部位通常有局部腫脹、痛楚及觸痛，表面顏色呈深藍色或黑色，可能妨礙肢體關節的活動。嚴重血小板不足的患者，身上多處地方會出現大片的紅斑 (後來會轉為瘀黑，)也會有關節腫痛的情況，特別是膝關及足踝部位。甚至有內臟出血。

普通或輕微瘀傷：

多見於輕微創傷或輕度血小板不足者；程度較為輕微，無痛楚或腫脹，然部份有觸痛。


丙‧處理

最好能瞭解原因，判別瘀傷的程度及部位，若為病理性或程度嚴重者，須馬上延醫診治。

瘀傷可藉內服藥物、外用藥膏來治療，兩者都是輔助性質，目的是加速身體康復；其實，身體有自我維修的功能，普通瘀傷，即使不用藥，在一兩週內，瘀血也會自然被身體吸收，皮膚回復正常的色澤。

熱敷也是一個不錯的治療法，可加速患處的血液循環及新陳代謝，消腫和減少痛楚。(病理性瘀斑不適用)

u can put a hot water bottle or hot egg on the surface of the bruise, increase the blood flow.

Bruise

A bruise or contusion or ecchymosis is a kind of injury, usually caused by blunt impact, in which the capillaries are damaged, allowing blood to seep into the surrounding tissue. They often induce pain but are not normally dangerous. Sometimes bruises can be serious, leading to other more life threatening forms of hematoma, or can be associated with serious injuries, including fractures and internal bleeding. Minor bruises are easily recognized by their characteristic blue or purple color in the days following the injury.

Severity of bruises

The extent of bruising depends on many factors. The state of the tissue (tensed muscle versus relaxed muscle, for example) can make a large difference, as can the effect of being crushed against underlying bone. People also vary in the sturdiness of their capillaries — some people bruise more easily than others.

When stricken, the victim normally feels some pain, although it may not be sharp and may even go unnoticed. The flesh quickly becomes red, tender, and swollen (this, like other effects, varies with the intensity of the bruising). Repeated impacts aggravate the bruising. Over the course of a day, blood seeps into the surrounding tissue while the capillaries are being repaired. The bruise gradually darkens. Over the course of a week or two, the bruise darkens to a livid red, then fades to purple, black, or blue, eventually fading to yellow and disappearing as healing progresses. Normal, light bruises heal completely in a week or two; more severe or deeper bruises may take longer. The striking colors of a bruise are due to hemoglobin and its breakdown products, bilirubin and biliverdin.

The treatment for light bruises is minimal. If swelling is severe, it might be reduced by applying ice or by elevating the affected area. Rest and avoiding re-injury is essential to quick recovery; gentle massage of the area may relieve pain and encourage blood flow, though this should not occur if the massage is painful.[1]

Bruising a tendon can feel very painful and make it difficult to use the muscles surrounding the joint.

If bruising is severe, complications may arise. Excess fluid may accumulate, forming a hard lump called a hematoma. Swelling may also be severe, and pain may be a serious problem. If internal bleeding inside the tissue is very severe, compartment syndrome may occur, leading to disrupted blood flow due to swelling; this can require surgery. More seriously, the impacts that cause severe bruising can also cause other damage: impacts to the torso may damage internal organs, and impacts to the head can be very dangerous. Bones may be broken by similar impacts, and joints can be sprained or otherwise damaged as well. The symptoms of these injuries may appear to be those of simple bruising; if there is any possibility of one of these more severe injuries (difficulty moving an injured limb, severe abdominal bruising or a feeling of liquid under the skin) see a doctor immediately.

Treatments for severe bruising can include RICE: Rest, Ice, Compression and Elevation, as well as painkillers (particularly NSAIDs). Massaging severe bruises will worsen the injury. Later in recovery, some light stretching exercises may be appropriate, but it is probably best to consult a doctor or physiotherapist about longer-term recovery. If a severely bruised muscle is used too early in the recovery process, bone tissue may be formed inside the muscle, leading to lasting stiffness and pain. Severe bruises can be expected to take longer to heal.

That's ok~