香港歷史人物
回答 (2)
2007-02-28 4:29 am
✔ 最佳答案
孫文（1866年11月12日—1925年3月12日），字逸仙，是近代中國的民主革命家，中華民國國父，中國國民黨總理，廣東省香山縣（今中山市）人；孫文流亡日本時曾化名中山樵，後人慣以中山先生相稱。民國二十九年（1940年），國民政府通令全國，讚揚孫氏「倡導國民革命，手創中華民國，更新政體，永奠邦基，謀世界之大同，求國際之平等」，尊稱其為「中華民國國父」。孫文被中國國民黨尊為「永遠的總理」；中國共產黨則稱他為「革命先行者」。在中國大陸也有人稱他為「現代中國之父」
名字
孫文使用過不少名字，多數是為了宣揚革命或擺脫通緝而取的，部分則在於表達人生期望。除了下列實際使用的名字外，孫文還用過陳文、山月、杜嘉偌、公武、帝朱、高達生、吳仲等化名，以及杞憂公子、中原逐鹿士、南洋小學生、南洋一學生等筆名。1912年民國成立之後，孫氏本人於所有公私檔案均以「孫文」署名。在西方，孫氏以「Sun Yat-Sen」（孫逸仙）之名聞於世。
chinese : http://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E5%AD%AB%E4%B8%AD%E5%B1%B1&variant=zh-hk
Sun Yat-sen (Chinese: 孫逸仙; November 12, 1866 – March 12, 1925) was a Chinese revolutionary and political leader often referred to as the “father of modern China”. Sun played an instrumental role in the eventual overthrow of the Qing Dynasty in 1911. He was the first provisional president when the Republic of China was founded in 1912. He later co-founded the Kuomintang (KMT) where he served as its first leader. Sun was a uniting figure in post-imperial China, and remains unique among 20th-century Chinese politicians for being widely revered in mainland China by the CCP and in Taiwan by the Chinese KMT.
Although Sun is considered one of the greatest leaders of modern China, his political life was one of constant struggle and frequent exile. After the success of the revolution, he quickly fell out of power in the newly-founded Republic of China, and led successive revolutionary governments as a challenge to the warlords who controlled much of the nation. Sun did not live to see his party bring about consolidation of power over the country. His party, which formed a fragile alliance with the communists, split into two factions after his death. Sun's chief legacy resides in his developing a political philosophy known as the Three Principles of the People (nationalism, democracy, and the people's livelihood/welfare), which still influence Chinese government today.
[edit] Biography
Sun Yat-sen (back row, fifth from left) and his family.
[edit] Early years
Sun Yat-sen
Names (details)
Known in English as: Sun Yat-sen
Chinese: 孫逸仙
Hanyu Pinyin: Sūn Yìxiān
Wade-Giles: Sun I-hsien
Cantonese:: Sun Yat-sen
Known to Chinese as: 孫中山
Hanyu Pinyin: Sūn Zhōngshān
Wade-Giles: Sun Chung-shan
Family name: Sun
Traditional Chinese: 孫
Simplified Chinese: 孙
Given names
Register name : Deming (德明)
Milk name : Dixiang (帝象)
School name : Wen (文)
Courtesy name : Zaizhi (載之)
Pseudonym : Rixin (日新), later
Yixian (逸仙),
pronounced similarly
in Cantonese (Yat
San, Yat Sin, resp.)
Alias : Zhongshan (中山)
Alias in Japan: Nakayama Shō (中山樵)
Styled: Guofu (國父), i.e.
“Father of the Nation”
On November 12, 1866, Sun Yat-sen (孫中山) was born to a peasant family in the village of Cuiheng (翠亨村), Xiangshan county (香山縣), Guangzhou prefecture (廣州市), Guangdong province(廣東省) (26 km or 16 miles north of Macau) and spoke the Zhongshan dialect of Cantonese. When Sun Yat-sen died in 1925, the name of Xiangshan was changed to Zhongshan(中山縣) in his honor.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun_Yat-sen
2007-02-27 5:31 am
Crawford Murray MacLehose, Baron MacLehose of Beoch KT, GBE, KCMG, KCVO, PC, HonLLD, MA (Chinese name: 麥理浩 ; October 16, 1917 - May 27, 2000) was the 25th Governor of Hong Kong, from 1971 to 1982.
Early life and career
Murray MacLehose was born in Glasgow, Scotland in October of 1917. He attended Rugby School and Balliol College, University of Oxford. Before being appointed Governor of Hong Kong in 1971, he served at the British Embassy in Peking and, subsequently, as the British Ambassador to Denmark.
Governor of Hong Kong
MacLehose became Governor of Hong Kong in November, 1971, holding this position until May 1982, making him Hong Kong's longest serving governor; his 10 years and 6 months in office slighty exceeding Sir Alexander Grantham's previous record by one month.
[edit] Independent Commission Against Corruption (ICAC)
During his Governorship, MacLehose established the ICAC (the Independent Commission Against Corruption) in 1974. This was done to combat the then-prevalent corruption which existed in the Civil Service and, especially in the police force.
The creation of ICAC sparked off a massive act of disobedience and a certain amount of violence by serving police officers, many of whom feared prosecution for their long years of corrupt behaviour as members of what was often dubbed (with some irony) "the best police force that money can buy".
Faced with a potential police rebellion and the severe disruption that this would have caused to everyday life, MacLehose extended a general amnesty to the police force in order to diffuse the situation. Some officers (especially the notorious detective station sergeants) were, however, excluded from the amnesty and, as of 2006, there are still warrants out for the arrest of some of them. Although the measure was effective, it caused considerable misgivings, especially amongst the small group of police officers who had resisted the temptation to lapse into corrupt practices and who, as a result, had suffered adverse career consequences.
Eventually, however, the ICAC helped Hong Kong become one of the least corrupt societies in Asia, if not the world.
Other Policies
Other major policies in the MacLehose era include:
Introduction of 9 years of compulsory education.
Introduction of a Ten-year Housing Programme in 1972 to alleviate housing problems.
Introduction and approval of a Labour Ordinance
Establishment of social assistance scheme
Construction of the Mass Transit Railway
Expansion of community facilities
Development of satellite towns, such as Sha Tin and Tuen Mun.
Hong Kong sovereignty negotiations
In 1979, MacLehose raised the question of Britain's 99-year lease of the New Territories (an area that encompasses all territories north of Boundary Street on the Kowloon Peninsula), with Deng Xiaoping. The talks, although inconclusive at the time, eventually involved top British Government officials and paved the way for the handover of the Hong Kong in its entirety, including those parts ceded to the UK in perpetuity, to the People's Republic of China on July 1, 1997.
Post-Governorship and later life
After his Governorship ended in 1982, MacLehose was made a life peer as Baron MacLehose of Beoch, of Maybole in the District of Kyle and Carrick and of Victoria in Hong Kong, later that year. In 1983, MacLehose was made a Knight of the Thistle. When he was 80 years old, he attented the Handover ceremony of Hong Kong in 1997. MacLehose died in Ayrshire, Scotland in May 2000.
Early life and career
Murray MacLehose was born in Glasgow, Scotland in October of 1917. He attended Rugby School and Balliol College, University of Oxford. Before being appointed Governor of Hong Kong in 1971, he served at the British Embassy in Peking and, subsequently, as the British Ambassador to Denmark.
Governor of Hong Kong
MacLehose became Governor of Hong Kong in November, 1971, holding this position until May 1982, making him Hong Kong's longest serving governor; his 10 years and 6 months in office slighty exceeding Sir Alexander Grantham's previous record by one month.
[edit] Independent Commission Against Corruption (ICAC)
During his Governorship, MacLehose established the ICAC (the Independent Commission Against Corruption) in 1974. This was done to combat the then-prevalent corruption which existed in the Civil Service and, especially in the police force.
The creation of ICAC sparked off a massive act of disobedience and a certain amount of violence by serving police officers, many of whom feared prosecution for their long years of corrupt behaviour as members of what was often dubbed (with some irony) "the best police force that money can buy".
Faced with a potential police rebellion and the severe disruption that this would have caused to everyday life, MacLehose extended a general amnesty to the police force in order to diffuse the situation. Some officers (especially the notorious detective station sergeants) were, however, excluded from the amnesty and, as of 2006, there are still warrants out for the arrest of some of them. Although the measure was effective, it caused considerable misgivings, especially amongst the small group of police officers who had resisted the temptation to lapse into corrupt practices and who, as a result, had suffered adverse career consequences.
Eventually, however, the ICAC helped Hong Kong become one of the least corrupt societies in Asia, if not the world.
Other Policies
Other major policies in the MacLehose era include:
Introduction of 9 years of compulsory education.
Introduction of a Ten-year Housing Programme in 1972 to alleviate housing problems.
Introduction and approval of a Labour Ordinance
Establishment of social assistance scheme
Construction of the Mass Transit Railway
Expansion of community facilities
Development of satellite towns, such as Sha Tin and Tuen Mun.
Hong Kong sovereignty negotiations
In 1979, MacLehose raised the question of Britain's 99-year lease of the New Territories (an area that encompasses all territories north of Boundary Street on the Kowloon Peninsula), with Deng Xiaoping. The talks, although inconclusive at the time, eventually involved top British Government officials and paved the way for the handover of the Hong Kong in its entirety, including those parts ceded to the UK in perpetuity, to the People's Republic of China on July 1, 1997.
Post-Governorship and later life
After his Governorship ended in 1982, MacLehose was made a life peer as Baron MacLehose of Beoch, of Maybole in the District of Kyle and Carrick and of Victoria in Hong Kong, later that year. In 1983, MacLehose was made a Knight of the Thistle. When he was 80 years old, he attented the Handover ceremony of Hong Kong in 1997. MacLehose died in Ayrshire, Scotland in May 2000.
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原文連結 [永久失效]:
https://hk.answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20070226000051KK04951