長笛"s information(10分)

Flute has another name called the side bloom flute , it is a kind of wind instrument with a long history, the modern flute belongs to the woodwind instrument , it is about two feet long, made up of three tubes --The flute hair with mouthpiece, the flute body with sound key and flute end . Hold the high pitch department in the wooden wind instrument group of the orchestra, though belong to the woodwind instrument , most flutes are made of metal, play the use and use the wooden flute only for loyal to the classical music period works.
It is through changing and improving very more in thousands of years in the flute. The earliest flute, complete with the stem of the wooden department plant of standing grain, and does not blow sideways but blow directly as today , And have beating reeds , Started to make of wood later, and switched over to using the mouthpiece to blow sideways . Later on make use of the adding and subtracting of the hole to blow out different pitch partly in the middle where someone manages invention in the flute, and set up the spiral to come to revise the inaccurate sound on the top. Stood in the flute was in the music of playing together from then on 穏Foot, used by the musician for a long time, this kind is called the outdated German flute to use in Hayden and Mozart times . This kind of flute must play the semitone through dual fingering and mixed with fingering
Until about 1830, after Germen's young tiger nurse Theobald Boehm has invented the mechanical device which closes a flute of holes of opening, just become popular and very perfect musical instrument of now, the young tiger nurse made the length of the flute for 30 times in charge of the internal diameter from 1847, thereafter someone changes the tube hole of the flute from taper shape in the past into the cylinder shape , the place of joint on the top takes the form of parabola. The young tiger nurse's button system is not merely designed to arrange the convenience of the sound hole harmony key, it is studied for the principle for the stereo that produces the sympathetic response better that it is more important.
The flute was welcomed cordially by people at that time in the 18th century, even became the totally indispensable necessities in daily life. In the 19th century , play flute recognize as into good a kind of sign of poise. Become the inevitable participant of drama performance too
The compass of the modern flute is begun by central C (also begin by B), can play three pieces of fullness and eight degrees of interval , the first eight sound colour temperature gentle melancholy, second 8 sound limpid and sweet and refreshing, third 8 sound sharp and clear and loud. Like a soprano of florid ornamentation in Chinese opera singing when play the fast works.
Whether burn flute work of the name.
Bizet -- The intermezzo of Karmen's suite, the minuet of girl's suite of city of fields lying fallow in rotation of A
Buddhism is auspicious --Dance music of Sicily
Bach -- Song of playing of the suite of the second orchestra
Draw Will --Look forward to the dance music
There are Mozart's flute concertoes, the flute and harp concerto
Note: The French composer is very consummate when using the flute, for example Debussy's afternoon herding the flute that the god begins has a kind of languid feeling after a meal at noon

The flute is a musical instrument of the woodwind family. Unlike other woodwind instruments, a flute produces its sound from the flow of air against an edge, instead of using a reed. A musician who plays the flute is generally referred to as either a flautist or a flutist. Flute tones are sweet and blend well with other instruments. The flute's pitch, and various aspects of its timbre are flexible, allowing a very high degree of instantaneous expressive control, although it is still very hard to control high-pitched sounds.

Flute acoustics
A flute produces sound when a stream of air directed across the top of a hole in the lip plate bounces in and out of the hole. Some engineers have called this a fluidic multivibrator, because it forms a mechanical analogy to an electronic circuit called a multivibrator.

The stream beats against the air in a resonator, usually a tube. The player changes the pitch of the flute by changing the effective length of the resonator. This is done either by closing holes, or more rarely, with a slide similar to a trombone's slide. This slide effect can be produced on a modern day flute by just using the head joint and your finger.

To be louder, a flute must use a larger resonator and a wider air-stream. A flute can generally be made louder by making its resonator and tone-holes larger. This is why police whistles, a form of flute, are very wide for their pitch, and why organs can be far louder than concert flutes: an organ pipe's tone-hole may be several inches wide, while a concert flute's is a fraction of an inch.

The air-stream must be flat, and precisely aimed at the correct angle and velocity, or else it will not vibrate. In fippled flutes, a precisely machined slot extrudes the air. In organs, the air is supplied by a regulated blower.

In non-fipple flutes, especially the concert flute and piccolo, the player must form and direct the stream with his or her lips, which is called an embouchure. This allows the player a wide range of expressions in pitch, volume, and timbre, especially in comparison to fipple flutes. However, it also makes the transverse flute immensely more difficult for a beginner to get a full sound out of than fipple flutes such as the recorder. Transverse flutes also take more air to play, which requires deeper breathing and makes circular breathing trickier, but still not impossible.

Generally, the quality called "tone colour" or "timbre" varies because the flute produces harmonics in different intensities. A harmonic is a frequency that is a whole number multiple of a lower register, or "fundamental" tone of the flute. Generally the air-stream is thinner (to vibrate in more modes), faster (providing more energy to vibrate), and aimed across the hole more shallowly (permitting a more shallow deflection of the airstream to resonate).

Almost all flutes can be played in fundamental, octave, tierce, quatre and cinque modes simply by blowing harder and making the air-stream move more quickly and at a more shallow angle. Flute players select their instrument's resonant mode with embouchure and breath control, much as brass players do.
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You can find flute picture in http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flute

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